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Phenotypic, Genetic, and Cytogenetic Evidence of Hybridization Between Species of Trans-Andean Tamarins (Genus Saguinus)

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A Correction to this article was published on 07 February 2019

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Abstract

Incomplete reproductive isolation and hybridization is relatively frequent in primates. However, no cases of hybridization between formally recognized species have been reported in tamarins (genus Saguinus), a highly specious group of Neotropical primates. Here, we provide evidence from different sources to demonstrate three cases of hybridization in captivity between species of Saguinus distributed west of the Andes (trans-Andean). To do this, we described fur color patterns, genotyped 12 microsatellite loci, sequenced the mitochondrial hypervariable region I, and generated chromosomal R bands for the three formally recognized species and the new hybrids of trans-Andean tamarins. We identified one case of interbreeding between the white-footed tamarin (Saguinus leucopus) and the cotton-top tamarin (S. œdipus) and two independent reciprocal crosses of S. leucopus and the Geoffroy’s tamarin (S. geoffroyi). All these hybrids exhibit intermediate phenotypes between parental species, and genetic data are consistent with first-generation hybridization. Cytogenetic data suggest that the S. leucopus × S. œdipus hybrid is sterile, as it is a female with XY karyotype apparently affected by a condition known as gonadal dysgenesis. Trans-Andean tamarin species occur in northwest Colombia with parapatric distributions bounded by major rivers. Potential contact zones, either natural or anthropogenic, might facilitate hybridization in the wild, but this scenario remains to be assessed. Our findings warrant future studies focused on the evolutionary mechanisms of reproductive isolation in tamarins. Given the risk of hybridization, caution should be taken in management and conservation of tamarins.

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Change history

  • 07 February 2019

    This article is intended for inclusion in the Special Issue on Primate Hybridization and Hybrid Zones. It was however published in a separate issue, Volume 39 Issue 6 and is available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-018-0044-8.

  • 07 February 2019

    This article is intended for inclusion in the Special Issue on Primate Hybridization and Hybrid Zones. It was however published in a separate issue, Volume 39 Issue 6 and is available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-018-0044-8.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Liliana Cortés-Ortiz, Lauriane Cacheux, Joanna Setchell, and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments in an early draft of this article. We also thank Marcela Ramírez-Monroy and Jóhnatan Álvarez-Cardona for their valuable assistance with the clinical assessment of tamarin specimens. We are very grateful to Parque Zoológico Santa Fe and the animal shelter of Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá for granting access to their records, facilities, and specimens. Finally, we acknowledge the Biology Institute of the University of Antioquia for hiring of the scientific illustrator. This research was funded by the University of Antioquia through a CODI grant (CPT-1227) and a Sustainability grant (2016-ES84160119).

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  1. Tatiana Restrepo-Agudelo

    Present address: Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá, Carrera 53 No. 40A - 31, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia

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  1. Genética, Mejoramiento y Modelación Animal, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 67 No. 53 - 108, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia

    Iván Darío Soto-Calderón & Yuliet Andrea Acevedo-Garcés

  2. Corporación Autónoma Regional del Valle del Cauca, Carrera 56 No. 1B - 11, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia

    Tatiana Restrepo-Agudelo

  3. Corporación Autónoma Regional de la Frontera Nororiental, Calle 13 No. 3E – 278, Cúcuta, Norte de Santander, Colombia

    Julio César Llinás-Guerrero

  4. Universidad Nacional de Colombia – Sede Medellín, Facultad de Ciencias, Calle 59A No. 63 - 20, Medellín, Colombia

    Yúdrum Rivillas-Puello & Juan Bautista López

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Soto-Calderón, I.D., Acevedo-Garcés, Y.A., Restrepo-Agudelo, T. et al. Phenotypic, Genetic, and Cytogenetic Evidence of Hybridization Between Species of Trans-Andean Tamarins (Genus Saguinus). Int J Primatol 39, 1022–1038 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-018-0044-8

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