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Experimental and Theoretical Study on Terahertz Absorption Characteristics and Spectral De-noising of Three Plant Growth Regulators

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Abstract

Accurate identification of terahertz (THz) absorption peaks of biological macromolecules is of great significance in practical applications. In this work, the experimental and theoretical fundamentals of detecting three plant growth regulators (PGRs), including 6-Benzylaminopurine (6-BA), paclobutrazol (PBZ), and maleic hydrazide (MH) were investigated by using THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). THz absorption coefficient and refractive index in frequencies of 0.06–4 THz were obtained. The wavelet threshold de-noising (WTD) method was used to remove spectral noise and improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The density functional theory (DFT) was applied to the molecular characterization and theoretical calculation of PGRs. Experimental results showed that the three PGRs had unique characteristic absorption peaks. Based on the sym4 wavelet function and four-layer wavelet decomposition, the de-noising performance of hard threshold WTD was better than that of soft threshold WTD. The spectra processed by hard threshold de-noising achieved higher peak SNR (6-BA: 40.22, PBZ: 37.73, MH: 34.83) and lower root mean square error (6-BA: 0.41, PBZ:0.40, MH:0.54). In addition, the characteristic absorption and anomalous dispersion of 6-BA were found at 2.08 and 3.00 THz, those of PBZ were shown at 0.71, 1.30, 1.88, and 2.67 THz, and those of MH were shown at 2.34 THz. The absorption peaks in THz spectra processed by hard threshold WTD were demonstrated to be in good agreement with the simulation results of DFT. These results show the effectiveness of WTD in THz spectral de-noising and the feasibility of using THz-TDS to detect PGRs.

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Funding

The authors acknowledge the Shenzhen Institute of Terahertz Technology and Innovation for the technical support. The authors also acknowledge the financial support of the National Key Point Research and Invention Program of the Thirteenth (2016YFD0700304) and National Key Research and Development Plan (2017YFD0700501).

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Author notes

  1. Fangfang Qu and Yi Pan contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China

    Fangfang Qu, Lei Lin, Chengyong Cai, Tao Dong, Yong He & Pengcheng Nie

  2. Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, China

    Fangfang Qu, Lei Lin, Chengyong Cai, Tao Dong, Yong He & Pengcheng Nie

  3. Laser Information Technology Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China

    Yi Pan

  4. State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China

    Pengcheng Nie

Authors
  1. Fangfang Qu
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  2. Yi Pan
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  3. Lei Lin
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  4. Chengyong Cai
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  5. Tao Dong
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  6. Yong He
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  7. Pengcheng Nie
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Correspondence to Pengcheng Nie.

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Qu, F., Pan, Y., Lin, L. et al. Experimental and Theoretical Study on Terahertz Absorption Characteristics and Spectral De-noising of Three Plant Growth Regulators. J Infrared Milli Terahz Waves 39, 1015–1027 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10762-018-0507-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10762-018-0507-1

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