Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Inside the Reducción: Crafting Colonial Foodways at Carrizales and Mocupe Viejo, Zaña Valley, Peru (1570–1700)

  • Published:
International Journal of Historical Archaeology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study explores the politics of indigenous foodways in early colonial Peru, examining the processes by which indigenous households adapted to demographic stress, resettlement, and evangelization in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries CE. We examine faunal and botanical data from two planned towns (reducciones) located in Peru’s Zaña Valley—Carrizales and Mocupe Viejo. Inter- and intra-site comparison of food procurement and diet reveal different strategies and timing in the ways that Eurasian products were incorporated into native foodways, suggesting that while Old World animal domesticates were rapidly integrated into the indigenous diet, plant domesticates tied to the Iberian palate were not as readily adopted.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Allard, A. (2015). Foodways, animal husbandry and Nipmuc identity: faunal analysis from Sarah Boston’s farmstead, Grafton, MA, 1790–1840. International Journal of Historical Archaeology19(1): 208–231.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Atalay, S. and Hastorf, C. A. (2006). Food, meals, and daily activities: food habitus at Neolithic Çatalhöyük. American Antiquity71(2): 283–319.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bauer, A. J. (2001). Goods, Power, History: Latin America's Material Culture. Cambridge University Press, New York.

  • Bourdieu, P. (1990). The Logic of Practice. Polity Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buccini, A. F. (2006). Western Mediterranean vegetable stews and the integration of culinary exotica. In Hosking, R. (ed.), Authenticity in the Kitchen. Prospect Books, Totnes, pp. 132–145.

  • Chiou, K. L. (2017). Common Meals, Noble Feasts: An Archaeological Investigation of Moche Food and Cuisine in the Jequetepeque Valley, Peru, AD 600–800. Doctoral dissertation. University of California, Berkeley.

  • Crosby, A. W. (2003). The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492. Praeger, Westport, CT.

  • Dawdy, S. L. (2010). “A wild taste”: food and colonialism in eighteenth-century Louisiana. Ethnohistory57(3): 389–414.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deagan, K. ed. (1983). Spanish St. Augustine: The Archaeology of a Colonial Creole Community: Studies in Historical Archaeology. Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deagan, K. (1995). Puerto Real: The Archaeology of a Sixteenth-Century Spanish Town in Hispaniola. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Díaz Alpuche, G. (1900 [1579]). Relaciónes de Yucatán. In Asensio, J. M. (ed.), Colección de Documentos Inéditos Relativos al Descubrimiento, Conquista y Organización de las Antiguas Posesiones Españoles del Ultramar (Vol. 13). Real Academia de la Historia, Madrid, pp. 3–408.

  • Dietler, M. (2005). The archaeology of colonization and the colonization of archaeology: Theoretical challenges from an ancient Mediterranean colonial encounter. In G. J. Stein (ed.), The Archaeology of Colonization and the Colonization of Archaeology. School for American Research Press, Santa Fe, pp. 33–68.

  • Dietler, M. (2007). Culinary encounters: food, identity, and colonialism. In Twiss, K. C. (ed.), The Archaeology of Food and Identity, Occasional Paper No. 34, Center for Archaeological Investigations, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, pp. 218–242.

  • Rostworowski de Diez Canseco, M. (1975). Pescadores, artesanos y mercadores costeños en el Perú prehispánico. Revista del Museo Nacional41: 311–359.

  • Rostworowski de Diez Canseco, M. (1981). Recursos naturales renovables y pesca, siglos XVI y XVII, Vol. 8. Instituto de Estudios Peruanos, Lima.

  • Douglas, M. (1972). Deciphering a meal. Daedalus101(1): 61–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Earle, R. (2012). The Body of the Conquistador: Food, Race, and the Colonial Experience in Spanish America, 1492–1700. Cambridge University Press, New York.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Eckert, P. (1989). Jocks and Burnouts: Social Categories and Identity in the High School. Teachers College Press, New York.

  • Ewen, C. R. (1991). From Spaniard to Creole: The Archaeology of Cultural Formation at Puerto Real, Haiti. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ewen, C. R. (2000). From colonist to creole: archaeological patterns of Spanish colonization in the New World. Historical Archaeology34(3): 36–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferris, N. (2009). The Archaeology of Native-Lived Colonialism: Challenging History in the Great Lakes. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, A. B., and O’Hara, M. D. eds. (2009). Imperial Subjects: Race and Identity in Colonial Latin America. Duke University Press, Durham, NC.

  • deFrance, S. D. (1993). Ecological Imperialism in the South-Central Andes: Faunal Data from Spanish Colonial Settlements in the Moquegua and Torata Valleys. Doctoral dissertation. University of Florida, Gainesville.

  • deFrance, S. D. (1996). Iberian foodways in the Moquegua and Torata valleys of southern Peru. Historical Archaeology30(3): 20–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • deFrance, S. D. (2005). Late Pleistocene marine birds from southern Peru: distinguishing human capture from El Niño-induced windfall. Journal of Archaeological Science32(8): 1131–1146.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • deFrance, S. D. (2009). Paleopathology and health of native and introduced animals on southern Peruvian and Bolivian Spanish colonial sites. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology20(5): 508–524.

    Google Scholar 

  • deFrance, S. D. and Hanson, C. A. (2008). Labor, population movement, and food in sixteenth century Ek Balam, Yucatán. Latin American Antiquity19(3): 299–316.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Franklin, M. (2001). The archaeological dimensions of soul food: interpreting race, culture, and Afro-Virginian identity. In Orser, C. E. Jr. (ed.), Race and the Archaeology of Identity, University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City, pp. 88–107.

  • Galen of Pergamon. (2000 [ca. 180 C.E.]). On the Powers of Food. Grant, M. (trans.). Routledge, New York.

  • García-Godos, I. (2001). Patrones morfológicos del otolito sagitta de algunos peces óseos del mar peruano. Boletín IMARPE20(1–2): 1–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Getty, R. (1975). Sisson and Grossman’s the Anatomy of the Domestic Animals. WB Saunders, Philadelphia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibson, C. (1964). The Aztecs under Spanish Rule: A History of the Indians of the Valley of Mexico, 1519–1810. Stanford University Press, Stanford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gifford-Gonzalez, D. and Sunseri, K.U. (2007). Foodways on the frontier: Animal use and identity in Early Colonial New Mexico. Twiss, K. (ed.), We Are What We Eat: Archaeology, Food, and Identity, Center for Archaeological Investigations, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, pp. 260–287.

  • Grayson, D. K. (1984). Quantitative Zooarchaeology: Topics in the Analysis of Archaeological Faunas. Academic Press, Orlando.

  • Gutiérrez, R. A. (1991). When Jesus Came, the Corn Mothers Went Away: Marriage, Sexuality, and Power in New Mexico, 1500–1846. Stanford University Press, Stanford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, M. (1987). Foodways: historical overview and theoretical prolegomenon. In Harris, M. and Ross, E. (eds.), Food and Evolution: Toward a Theory of Human Food Habits. Temple University Press, Philadelphia, pp. 57–90.

  • Hastorf, C. A. (1991). Gender, space, and food in prehistory. In Conkey, M. W. and Gero, J. M. (eds.), Engendering Archaeology: Women and Prehistory. Basil Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 132–159.

  • Hastorf, C. A. (2012). The habitus of cooking practices at Neolithic Çatalhöyük: what was the place of the cook? In Graff, S. R. and Rodríguez-Alegría, E. (eds.), The Menial Art of Cooking: Archaeological Studies of Cooking and Food Preparation. University Press of Colorado, Boulder, pp. 65–86.

  • Hastorf, C. A. (2017). The Social Archaeology of Food: Thinking about Eating from Prehistory to the Present. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

  • Hastorf, C. A. and Weismantel, M.J. (2007). Food: where opposites meet. In K. C. Twiss (ed.), The Archaeology of Food and Identity. Center for Archaeological Investigations, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, pp. 308–331.

  • Herrera, A. de. (1601). Historia General de los Hechos de los Castellanos en las Islas y Tierra Firme del Mar Océano, Vol. 1. Imprenta Real, Madrid.

  • Holtzman, J. (2009). Uncertain Tastes: Memory, Ambivalence, and the Politics of Eating in Samburu, Northern Kenya. University of California Press, Berkeley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hubbard, R. N. L. B. and al Azm, A. (1990). Quantifying preservation and distortion in carbonized seeds; and investigating the history of friké production. Journal of Archaeological Science17(1): 103–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jamieson, R. W. (2005). Caste in Cuenca: colonial identity in the seventeenth century Andes. In Conlin Casella, E. C. and Fowler, C. (eds.), The Archaeology of Plural and Changing Identities: Beyond Identification. Springer, New York, pp. 211–232.

  • Jamieson, R. W. and Sayre, M. B. (2010). Barley and identity in the Spanish colonial Audiencia of Quito: archaeobotany of the 18th century san Blas neighborhood in Riobamba. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology29(2): 208–218.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jansen, W. (2001). French bread and Algerian wine: conflicting identities in French Algeria. In Schoolliers, P. (ed.), Food, Drink and Identity: Cooking, Eating and Drinking in Europe since the Middle Ages. Berg, Oxford, pp. 195–218.

  • Jones, S. (1997). The Archaeology of Ethnicity: Constructing Identities in the Past and Present. Routledge, London.

  • Kennedy, S. A. and VanValkenburgh, P. (2016). Zooarchaeology and changing food practices at Carrizales, Peru following the Spanish invasion. International Journal of Historical Archaeology20(1): 73–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klein, R. G. and Cruz-Uribe, K. (1984). The Analysis of Animal Bones from Archeological Sites. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lennstrom, H. A. and Hastorf, C. A. (1995). Interpretation in context: sampling and analysis in paleoethnobotany. American Antiquity60(4): 701–721.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de León Pinelo, A. (1638). Question Moral si el Chocolate Quebranta el Ayuno Eclesiástico: Trata de Otras Bebidas j Confecciones que se Vsan en Varias Provincias. Madrid.

  • Lévi-Strauss, C. (1969). The Raw and the Cooked: Introduction to a Science of Mythology. Weightman, J. and Weightman, D. (trans.). Harper and Row, New York.

  • Lightfoot, K. G. (1995). Culture contact studies: redefining the relationship between prehistoric and historical archaeology. American Antiquity60: 199–217.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lightfoot, K. G. (2005). The archaeology of colonization: California in cross-cultural perspective. In G. J. Stein (ed.), The Archaeology of Colonial Encounters. School of American Research Press, Santa Fe, pp. 207–236.

  • Lightfoot, K. G., Martinez, A., and Schiff, A. M. (1998). Daily practice and material culture in pluralistic social settings: an archaeological study of culture change and persistence from Fort Ross, California. American Antiquity63(2): 199–222.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lockhart, J. and Schwartz, S. B. (1983). Early Latin America: A History of Colonial Spanish America and Brazil. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

  • López de Gómara, F. (1946). Historia General de las Indias. Biblioteca de Autores Españoles. Atlas, Madrid.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loren, D. D. (2000). The intersections of colonial policy and colonial practice: creolization on the eighteenth-century Louisiana/Texas frontier. Historical Archaeology34(3): 85–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lyman, R. L. (2008). Quantitative Paleozoology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Málaga Medina, A. (1974). Las reducciones en el Perú durante el gobierno del virrey Francisco de Toledo. Historia y Cultura (Lima) 31: 819–842.

  • Markus, D. M. (2011). “Of the House of Israel in America”: The Archeology of Judaism, Slavery, and Assimilation on the Arkansas Frontier. Master’s thesis, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville.

  • McEwan, B. G. (1991). The archaeology of women in the Spanish New World. Historical Archaeology25(4): 33–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Melville, E. G. K. (1994). A Plague of Sheep: Environmental Consequences of the Conquest ofMexico. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Messer, E. (1997). Three centuries of changing European tastes for the potato. In Macbeth, H. M. (ed.), Food Preferences and Taste: Continuity and Change. Berghahn Books, New York, pp. 101–114.

  • Millones Figueroa, L. (2010). The staff of life: wheat and "Indian bread" in the New World. Colonial Latin American Review19(2): 301–322.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mintz, S. W. (1996). Tasting Food, Tasting Freedom: Excursions into Eating, Power, and the Past. Beacon Press, Boston.

  • Molina, Cristóbal de. (2011). Account of the Fables and Rites of the Incas. Brian S. Bauer, B. S., Smith-Oka, V., and Cantarutti, G. E. (eds.). University of Texas Press, Austin.

  • Montanari, M. (1999). Food systems and models of civilization. In Sonnenfeld, A., Flandrin, J. L., and Montanari, M. (eds.), Food: A Culinary History from Antiquity to the Present. Columbia University Press, New York, pp. 69–78.

  • Mumford, J. R. (2012). Vertical Empire: The General Resettlement of Indians in the Colonial Andes. Duke University Press, Durham, NC.

  • Newson, L. A. (1995). Life and Death in Early Colonial Ecuador. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, OK.

  • O’Toole, R. S. (2007). From the rivers of Guinea to the valleys of Peru: becoming a bran diáspora within Spanish slavery. Social Text 92 25(3): 19–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pacheco Torres, V. R., Altamirano Enciso, A. J. and Guerra Porras, E. (1986). The Osteology of South American Camelids. Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles.

  • Panich, L. M. (2013). Archaeologies of persistence: reconsidering the legacies of colonialism in native North America. American Antiquity78: 105–122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pauketat, T. R. (2001). A new tradition in archaeology. In Pauketat, T. R. (ed.), The Archaeology of Traditions, University Press of Florida, Gainesville, pp. 1–16.

  • Pavao-Zuckerman, B. and Loren, D. (2012). Presentation is everything: foodways, tablewares, and colonial identity at presidio Los Adaes. International Journal of Historical Archaeology6(1): 199–226.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pearsall, D. M. (2015). Paleoethnobotany: A Handbook of Procedures. 3rd ed. Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, CA.

  • Powers, W. K. and Powers, M. M. N. (1984). Metaphysical aspects of an Oglala food system. In Douglas, M. (ed.), Food in the Social Order: Studies of Food and Festivities in Three American Communities. Routledge, London.

  • Ramírez, S. E. (1986). Provincial Patriarchs: Land Tenure and the Economics of Power in Colonial Peru. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramírez, S. E. (1996). The World Upside Down: Cross-Cultural Contact and Conflict in Sixteenth-Century Peru. Stanford University Press, Stanford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramírez-Horton, S. E. (1978). Chérrepe en 1572: un análisis de la visita general del Virrey Francisco de Toledo. Historia y Cultura11: 79–121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reitz, E. J. (1988). Faunal remains from Paloma, an archaic site in Peru. American Anthropologist90(2): 310–322.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reitz, E. J. (1992). The Spanish colonial experience and domestic animals. Historical Archaeology26(1): 84–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reitz, E. J. and Cumbaa, S. L. (1983). Diet and foodways of eighteenth-century Spanish St. Augustine. In Deagan, K. A. and Koch, J. K. (eds.), Spanish St. Augustine: The Archaeology of a Colonial Creole Community. Academic Press, New York, pp. 151–185.

  • Reitz, E. J. and Scarry, M. C. (1985). Reconstructing Historic Subsistence with an Example from Sixteenth-Century Spanish Florida. Society for History Archaeology, Glassboro, NJ.

  • Reitz, E. J. and Wing, E. S. (2008). Zooarchaeology. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, New York.

  • de Rieros Sorapán, Juan (1876[1616]). Medicina Española, Contenida en Proverbios Vulgares de Nuestra Lengua. Madrid.

  • Robb, J. (2007). The Early Mediterranean Village: Agency, Material Culture, and Social Change in Neolithic Italy. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Rodríguez-Alegría, E. (2005). Consumption and the varied ideologies of domination in colonial Mexico City. In Kepecs, S. and Alexander, R. T. (eds.), The Postclassic to Spanish-Era Transition in Mesoamerica: Archaeological Perspectives. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, pp. 35–48.

  • Rubin, M. (1991). Corpus Christi: The Eucharist in Late Medieval Culture. Cambridge University Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruhl, D. L. (1990). Spanish mission paleoethnobotany: an overview and some speculations for the 16th and 17th century La Florida. In Thomas, D. H. (ed.), Columbian Consequences, Vol. 2:Archaeological and Historical Perspectives on the Spanish Borderlands East. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, pp. 560–580.

  • Ruhl, D. L. (1997). Oranges and wheat: spanish attempts at agriculture at La Florida. Historical Archaeology31(1): 36–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saito, A. and Rosas Lauro, C. eds. (2017). Reducciones: La Concentración Forzada de las Poblaciones Indígenas en el Virreinato del Perú. National Museum of Ethnology and Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Lima, Perú.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scarry, J. F. (1987). A provisional sequence for Apalachee province. Ms. on file, Florida Bureau of Archaeological Research, Tallahassee.

  • Scarry, J. F. (1988). Stability and change in the Apalachee chiefdom: Centralization, decentralization, and social reproduction. Ms. on file, Florida Bureau of Archaeological Research, Tallahassee.

  • Scarry, C. M. and Reitz, E. J. (1990). Herbs, fish, scum, and vermin: subsistence strategies in sixteenth-century Spanish Florida. In Thomas, D. H. (ed.), Columbian Consequences, Vol. 2: Archaeological and Historical Perspectives on the Spanish Borderlands East. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, pp. 343–354.

  • Scarry, C. M. and Steponaitis, V. P. (1997). Between farmstead and center: the natural and social landscape of Moundville. In Gremillion, K. J. (ed.), People, Plants, and Landscapes: Studies in Paleoethnobotany. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa, pp. 107–122.

  • Silliman, S. (2005). Culture contact or colonialism? challenges in the archaeology of native North America. American Antiquity70(1): 55–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Silliman, S. (2009). Blurring for clarity: archaeology as hybrid practice. In Bikoulis, P., Lacroix, D., and Peuramaki-Brown, M. (eds.), Postcolonial Perspectives in Archaeology. Proceedings of the 39 thAnnual Chacmool Conference. Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, pp. 15–25.

  • Silliman, S. (2010). Indigenous traces in colonial spaces: archaeologies of ambiguity, origin, and practice. Journal of Social Archaeology10(1): 28–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Silliman, S. W. (2012). Between the longue durée and the short purée: postcolonial archaeologies of indigenous history in colonial North America. In Oland, M., Hart, S. M., and Frink, L. (eds.), Decolonizing Indigenous Histories: Exploring Prehistoric/Colonial Transitions in Archaeology. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, pp. 113–131.

  • Silverblatt, I. (2004). Modern Inquisitions: Peru and the Colonial Origins of the Civilized World. Duke University Press, Durham, NC.

  • Smith, M. (2006). The archaeology of food preference. American Anthropologist108(3): 480–493.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spielmann, K. A. (1989). Colonists, hunters, and farmers: Plains-Pueblo interaction in the seventeenth century. In Thomas, D. H. (ed.), Columbian Consequences, Vol. 1: Archaeological and Historical Perspectives on the Spanish Borderlands West. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, pp. 101–113.

  • Stein G.J. (ed.), (2005). The Archaeology of Colonization and the Colonization of Archaeology, School for American Research Press, Santa Fe, NM.

  • Stewart-Abernathy, L. C. and Ruff, B. L. (1989). A good man in Israel: zooarchaeology and assimilation in antebellum Washington, Arkansas. Historical Archaeology23(2): 96–112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sunseri, J. U. (2017). Grazing to gravy: faunal remains and indications of Genízaro foodways on the Spanish colonial frontier of New Mexico. International Journal of Historical Archaeology21(3): 577–597.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Super, J. C. (1988). Food, Conquest, and Colonization in Sixteenth-Century Spanish America. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Toledo, F. (1986 [1574]). Disposiciones Gubernativas para el Virreinato del Perú, 1569–1574. Escuela de Estudios Hispano-Americanos, Seville, Spain.

  • Twiss, K. C. (2007). We are what we eat. In Twiss, K. C. (ed.), The Archaeology of Food and Identity. Center for Archaeological Investigations, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, pp. 1-15.

  • VanDerwarker, A. M. (2005). Field cultivation and tree management in tropical agriculture: a view from gulf coastal Mexico. World Archaeology37(2): 275–289.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • VanValkenburgh, N.P. (2012). Building Subjects: Landscapes of Forced Resettlement in the Zaña and Chamán Valleys, Peru, 16th and 17th Centuries C.E. Doctoral dissertation. Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.

  • VanValkenburgh, N. P. (2017). Unsettling time: persistence and memory in Spanish colonial Peru. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory24(1): 117–148.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • VanValkenburgh, P., Walker, C. P., and Strum, J. O. (2015). Gradiometer and ground-penetrating radar survey of two reducción settlements in the Zaña Valley, Peru. Archaeological Prospection22(2): 117–129.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Voss, B. L. (2005). From Casta to Californio: social identity and the archaeology of culture contact. American Anthropologist107(3): 461–474.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Voss, B. L. (2008). Gender, race, and labor in the archaeology of the Spanish colonial Americas. Current Anthropology49(5): 861–893.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watson, P. J. (1976). In pursuit of prehistoric subsistence: a comparative account of some contemporary flotation techniques. Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology1: 77–100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weismantel, M. (1989). Food, Gender, and Poverty in the Ecuadorian Andes. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, T. E. (1953). A method of calculating the dietary percentage of various food animals utilized by aboriginal peoples. American Antiquity18(4): 396–398.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wightman, A. M. (1990). Indigenous Migration and Social Change: The Foresteros of Cuzco, 1570–1720. Duke University Press, Durham, NC.

  • Wilcox, M. V. (2009). The Pueblo Revolt and the Mythology of Conquest: An Indigenous Archaeology of Contact. University of California Press, Berkeley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zevallos Quiñones, J. (1996). Los Fundadores y Primeros Pobladores de Trujillo del Perú. Fundación Alfredo Pinillos Goicochea, Trujillo.

Download references

Acknowledgments

Research was funded by a National Endowment for the Humanities Collaborative Research Grant (RZ-51748-14) to VanValkenburgh, a University of Pittsburgh Center for Latin American Studies Graduate Student Research Grant (to Kennedy), and a University of Pittsburgh International Studies Fund Research Grant (to Kennedy). Elizabeth Arkush, Marc Bermann, Igor Chechushkov, Peiyu Chen, Deb Neidich, Ryan Smith, John Walden, and Nicole Wong provided initial and valuable feedback on earlier drafts of this manuscript. Special thanks to Karen Durand Caceres, Danilo Depaz Romero, Amy Fann, Sarita Fuentes Villalobos, Winnie Looc, and Mercedes Vera Urbina for their assistance in laboratory research. Specimen identification was aided by the expertise of Susan deFrance, Philippe Béarez, Sadie Weber, Nicole Cannarozzi, Ali Altamirano, and Isabel Salvatierra. Finally, we would like to thank Ellen Lofaro and Brendan Weaver for their insightful reviews and valuable feedback.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh, 3302 WWPH, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA

    Sarah A. Kennedy

  2. Department of Anthropology, University of Alabama, Box 870210, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA

    Katherine L. Chiou

  3. Department of Anthropology, Brown University, 128 Hope St, Providence, 02906, RI, USA

    Parker VanValkenburgh

Authors
  1. Sarah A. Kennedy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Katherine L. Chiou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Parker VanValkenburgh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sarah A. Kennedy.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kennedy, S.A., Chiou, K.L. & VanValkenburgh, P. Inside the Reducción: Crafting Colonial Foodways at Carrizales and Mocupe Viejo, Zaña Valley, Peru (1570–1700). Int J Histor Archaeol 23, 980–1010 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10761-018-0481-2

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10761-018-0481-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation