Abstract
Bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.] is one of the oldest cultivated plants, native to Africa and it distributed to over the World. Its dispersal route from Africa to America and Asia is still subject of studies. Similarly, when and how bottle gourd entered into Turkey is not known. In previous studies, bottle gourd germplasm collecting activities were undertaken in the country and the germplasm were analyzed morphologically. Here we report molecular analysis of 60 Turkish bottle gourds along with 31 diverse exotic accessions. Eighth Simple Sequence Repeats and two chloroplast loci of 91 accessions were analyzed. Capillary electrophoresis was used for DNA size fragman separation. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 13, with a mean of 7. Mean values for expected heterozygosity, observed heterozgosity, and polymorphism information averaged 0.5, 0.13 and 0.50, respectively, thereby sugguesting very low (0.13) genetic diversity in a very diverse population. An unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean dendrogram was constructed, Indian accessions clearly separated from the rest. Among the remaining samples, neither Turkish landraces grouped together based on their georgraphic origin, nor clear speration occurred according to origin continent. Interestingly, this co-dominant marker analysis shows close molecular allelic profile among bottle gourds originated from far different countries.
References
Achigan-Dako EG (2008) Phylogenetic and genetic variation analyses in cucurbit species (Cucurbitaceae) from West Africa: definition of conservation strategies. Cuvillier Verlag, Göttingen, p 154
Botstein D, White RL, Skolnick MH, Davies RW (1980) Construction of genetic linkage map in man using restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Am J Hum Genet 32:314–331
Bowcock AM, Ruiz-Linares A, Tomfohrde J, Minch E, Kidd JR, Cavalli-Sforza LL (1994) High resolution of human evolutionary trees with polymorphic microsatellites. Nature 368:455–457
Chung SM, Staub JE (2003) The development and evaluation of consensus chloroplast primer pairs that possess highly variable sequence regions in a diverse array of plant taxa. Theor Appl Genet 107:757–767
Clarke AC, Burtenshaw MK, McLenachan PA, Erickson DL, Penny D (2006) Reconstructing the origins and dispersal of the Polynesian bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria). Mol Biol Evol 23:893–900
Colla G, Fanasca S, Cardarelli M, Rouphael Y, Saccardo F, Graifenberg A, Curadi M (2005) Evaluation of salt tolerance in rootstocks of Cucurbıtaceae. Acta Hort (ISHS) 697:469–474
Decker-Walters D, Staub JE, Lopez-Sesé A, Nakata E (2001) Diversity in landraces and cultivars of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria; Cucurbitaceae) as assessed by random amplified polymorphic DNA. Genet Resour Crop Evol 48:369–380
Decker-Walters D, Wilkins-Ellert M, Chung SM, Staub JE (2004) Discovery and genetic assessment of wild bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standley; Cucurbitaceae] from Zimbabwe. Econ Bot 58:501–508
Deshpande JR, Choudhari AA, Mishra MR, Meghre VS, Wadodkar SG, Dorle AK (2008) Beneficial effects of Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standley fruit epicarp in animal models. Indian J Exp Biol 46:234–242
Doyle JJ, Doyle JL (1990) Isolation of plant DNA from fresh tissue. Focus 12:13–15
Erickson DL, Smith BD, Clarke AC, Sandweiss DH, Tuross N (2005) An Asian origin for a 10,000-year-old domesticated plant in the Americas. Proc Natl Acad Sci 102:18315–18320
Fuller DQ, Hosoya LA, Zheng Y, Qin L (2010) A contribution to the prehistory of domesticated bottle gourds in Asia: rind measurements from Jomon Japan and Neolithic Zhejiang, China. Econ Bot 64:260–265
Ghule BV, Ghante MH, Saoji AN, Yeole PG (2006a) Hypolipidemic and antihyperlidemic effects of Lagenaria siceraria Stand. fruit extracts. Indian J Exp Biol 44:905–909
Ghule BV, Ghante MH, Upganlawar AB, Yeole PG (2006b) Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of L. siceraria (Mol.) Stand. fruit juice extract in rats and mice. Pharmacogn Mag 2:232
Heiser CB (1973) Variation in the bottle gourd. In: Meggers BJ, Ayensu ES, Duckworth WD (eds) Tropical forest ecosystems in Africa and South America: a comparative review. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, pp 121–128
Heiser CB (1979) The gourd book: a thorough and fascinating account of gourds from throughout the world. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman
Herklots GAC (1972) Vegetables in South East Asia. London George Allen and Unwin Ltd., UK, p 525
Karaca F, Yetisir H, Solmaz I, Candir E, Kurt S, Sari N, Guler Z (2012) Rootstock potential of Turkish Lagenaria siceraria germplasm for watermelon: plant growth, yield and qualtiy. Turk J Agric For 36(167):177
Kistler L, Montenegro A, Smith BD, Grifford JA, Green RE, Newsom LA, Shapiro B (2014) Transoceanic drift and the domestication of African bottle gourds in the Americas. Proc Natl Acad Sci. doi:10.1073/pnas.1318678111
Kubde MS, Khadabadi SS, Farooqui IA, Deore SL (2010) Lagenaria siceraria: phytochemistry, pharmacognosy and pharmacological studies. Rep Opin 2:91–98
Lee C, Wen J (2004) Phylogeny of Panax using chloroplast trnC–trnD intergenic region and the utility of trnC–trnD in interspecific studies of plants. Mol Phylogenet Evol 31:894–903
Levi A, Thies J, Ling K, Simmons AM, Kousik C, Hassell R (2009) Genetic diversity among Lagenaria siceraria accessions containing resistance to root-knot nematodes, whiteflies, ZYMV or powdery mildew. Plant Genet Resour 7:216–226
Liu K, Muse SV (2005) PowerMarker: an integrated analysis environment for genetic marker analysis. Bioinformatics 21:2128–2129
Manandhar NP (2002) Plants and people of Nepal. Timber, Oregon
Miguel A, Maroto JV, San Bautista A, Baixauli C, Cebolla V, Pascual B, Lopez S, Guardiola JL (2004) The grafting of triploid watermelon is an advantageous alternative to soil fumigation by methyl bromide for control of Fusarium wilt. Sci Hort 103:9–19
Mladenovic E, Berenji J, Ognjanov V, Ljubojevic M, Cukanovic J (2012) Genetic variability of bottle gourd Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standley and its morphological characterization by multivariate analysis. Arch Biol Sci Belgrade 64:573–583
Moerman D (1998) Native American ethnobotany. Timber, Oregon
Morimoto Y, Maundu P, Fujimaki H, Morishima H (2005) Diversity of landraces of the whiteflowered gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) and its wild relatives in Kenya: fruit and seed morphology. Genet Resour Crop Evol 52:737–747
Morimoto Y, Maundu P, Kawase M, Fujimaki H, Morishima H (2006) RAPD polymorphism of the white-flowered gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.) Landraces and its wild relatives in Kenya. Genet Resour Crop Evol 53:963–974
Nei M (1973) Analysis of gene diversity in subdivided populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci 70:3321–3323
Rottoli M, Pessina A (2007) Neolithic agriculture in Italy: an update of archaeobotanical data with particular emphasis on northern settlements. In: Colledge S, Conolly J (eds) The origins and spread of domestic plants in southwest Asia and Europe. Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, pp 140–154
Sarao NK, Pathak M, Kaur N, Neha K (2014) Microsatellite-based DNA fingerprinting and genetic diversity of bottle gourd genotypes. Plant Genet Resour 12:156–159
Schlumbaum A, Vandorpe P (2012) A short history of Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd) in the Roman provinces: morphotypes and archaeogenetics. Veget Hist Archaeobot 21:499–509
Schuelke M (2000) An economic method for the fluorescent labeling of PCR fragments. Nat Biotechnol 18:233–234
Sivaraj N, Pandravada SR (2005) Morphological diversity for fruit chracteristics in bottle gourd germplasm from tribal pockets of Telangana region of Andhra Paradesh, India. Asian Agri Hist 9:305–3010
Tamura K, Dudley J, Nei M, Kumar S (2007) MEGA4: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol Biol Evol 24:1596–1599
Xu P, Wu XH, Luo J, Wang BG, Liu YH, Ehlers JD, Wang S, Lu ZF, Li GJ (2011) Partial sequencing of the bottle gourd genome reveals markers useful for phylogenetic analysis and breeding. BMC Genom 12:467
Yetisir H, Sari N (2003) Effect of different rootstock on plant growth, yield and quality of watermelon. Aust J Exp Agric 43:1269–1274
Yetisir H, Uygur V (2010) Responses of grafted watermelon onto different gourd species to salinity stress. J Plant Nutr 33:315–327
Yetişir H, Sari N, Yucel S (2003) Rootstocks resistance to Fusarium wilt and effect on watermelon fruit yield and quality. Phytoparasitica 31:163–169
Yetişir H, Sakar M, Derce S (2008) Collection and morphological characterization of Lagenaria siceraria germplasm from the mediterranean region of Turkey. Genet Resour Crop Evol 55:1257–1266
Yetişir H, Gürcan K, Taş A, Denli N (2012) Bottle gourd germplasm collection in Turkey. In: Sarı N, Solmaz I, Aras V (eds) Proceedings of the X EUCARPIA meeting on genetics and breeding of Cucurbitaceae. Antalya, Turkey, pp 643–651
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gürcan, K., Say, A., Yetişir, H. et al. A study of genetic diversity in bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.] population, and implication for the historical origins on bottle gourds in Turkey. Genet Resour Crop Evol 62, 321–333 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-015-0224-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-015-0224-8