Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Agro-morphological variation in “Jhinuwa” rice landraces (Oryza sativa L.) of Nepal

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Jhinuwa is an aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.) landrace from the Pokhara Valley of Nepal. A total of 210 accessions comprising seven types of Jhinuwa rice landraces were randomly collected from the rice fields to evaluate inter- and intra-population variability based on agro-morphological traits. The experiment was conducted in factorial randomized complete block design with three replicates in 2005. The first six principal components (PCs) accounted for 76.6 % variation for agro-morphological traits. Major traits that accounted for the variation by six PCs includes days to heading, days to maturity, total grain panicle−1, fertile grain panicle−1, culm length, panicle length, milling recovery, head rice recovery, aroma, 1,000 grain weight, sterile grain panicle−1, grain sterility %, and leaf characteristics. Both principal coordinate analysis and cluster analyses revealed four phenotypic groups, two of which represent Bayarni, Jhinuwa, and Biramphul while the other two account for Tunde and Pakho Tunde. Tunde, Pakho Tunde, Kalo Bayarni, and Seto Bayarni showed higher intra- as well as inter-population variation compared to other populations. The phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation, broad sense heritability (h 2B) and genetic advance (GA) as a percent of the mean assessed for 210 accessions revealed high h 2B and GA estimates for leaf width, leaf length breadth ratio, ligule length, sterile grain panicle−1, grain sterility % and 1,000 grain weight. The current study demonstrates that improvement in Jhinuwa rice landrace is possible by selecting superior accessions from existing natural populations while selection should be focussed to market traits with higher h 2B and GA estimates.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Amagain RB, Shrestha P, Joshi BK, Adhikari NP, Gyawali S, Upadhyay MP, Sthapit BR, Baniya BK (2005) On-farm evaluation of traits influencing outcrossing among rice (Oryza sativa L.) landraces of Central Terai, Kachorwa, Bara, Nepal In: Sthapit BR, Upadhyay MP, Shrestha PK, Jarvis DI (eds) On-farm conservation of agricultural biodiversity in Nepal. Volume I. Assessing the amount and distribution of genetic diversity on-farm. Proceedings of the Second National Workshop, Nagarkot, Nepal, 25–27 August 2004 2005. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute Rome, Italy, pp 54–63

  • Bajracharya J, Rana RB, Gauchan D, Sthapit BR, Jarvis DI, Witcombe JR (2010) Rice landrace diversity in Nepal. Socio-economic and ecological factors determining rice landrace diversity in three agro-ecozones of Nepal based on farm surveys. Genet Resour Crop Evol 57(7):1013–1022. doi:10.1007/s10722-010-9544-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brush SB (1995) In situ conservation of landraces in centers of crop diversity. Crop Sci 35(2):346–354. doi:10.2135/cropsci1995.0011183X003500020009x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cleveland DA, Soleri D, Smith SE (1994) Do folk crop varieties have a role in sustainable agriculture? Incorporating folk varieties into the development of locally based agriculture may be the best approach. Bioscience 44(11):740–751

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dabholkar AR (1992) Elements of biometrical genetics. Concept publishing company, New Delhi, pp 117–187

    Google Scholar 

  • Falconer DS (1981) Introduction to quantitative genetics Longman Scientific and Technical, London

  • FAO (2010) Second report on the world’s plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy ftp://fao.org/docrep/fao/meeting/017/ak528e.pdf

  • Fukuoka S, Suu T, Ebana K, Trinh L, Nagamine T, Okuno K (2006) Diversity in phenotypic profiles in landrace populations of Vietnamese rice: a case study of agronomic characters for conserving crop genetic diversity on farm. Genet Resour Crop Evol 53(4):753–761. doi:10.1007/s10722-004-4635-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gauchan D, Smale M, Maxted N, Cole M (2006) Managing rice biodiversity on-farms: the choices of farmers and breeders in Nepal. In: Smale M (ed) Valuing crop biodiversity: on-farm genetic resources and economic change. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, pp 162–176

    Google Scholar 

  • Genstat (2003) Genstat 7.2. Genstat, Inc., Lawes Agricultural trust, IACR, Rothamsted

  • Gyawali S, Sthapit BR, Bhandari B, Bajracharya J, Shrestha PK, Upadhyay MP, Jarvis DI (2010) Participatory crop improvement and formal release of Jethobudho rice landrace in Nepal. Euphytica 176(1):59–78. doi:10.1007/s10681-010-0213-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Horsley RD, Schwarz PB, Hammond JJ (1995) Genetic diversity in malt quality of North American six-rowed spring barley. Crop Sci 35(1):113–118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jarvis DI, Hodgkin T (1999) Wild relatives and crop cultivars: detecting natural introgression and farmer selection of new genetic combinations in agroecosystems. Mol Ecol 8(12 SUPPL. 1):S159–S173

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jarvis DI, Brown AHD, Pham HC, Collado-Panduro L, Latournerie-Moreno L, Gyawali S, Tanto T, Sawadogo M, Mar I, Sadiki M, Hue NTN, Arias-Reyes L, Balma D, Bajracharya J, Castillo F, Rijal D, Belqadi L, Rana R, Saidi S, Ouedraogo J, Zangre R, Rhrib K, Chavez JL, Schoen D, Sthapit B, De Santis P, Fadda C, Hodgkin T (2008) A global perspective of the richness and evenness of traditional crop-variety diversity maintained by farming communities. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105(14):5326–5331. doi:10.1073/pnas.0800607105

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson HW, Robinson HF, Comstock RE (1955) Estimates of genetic and environmental variability in soybeans. Agron J 47(7):314–318. doi:10.2134/agronj1955.00021962004700070009x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Joshi BK, KC HB, Upadhyay MP, Gupta SR, Lu BR, Mathur PN, Sthapit BR (2008) Ex situ and in situ management of wild and weedy rice in Nepal using a geographical information system. Plant Genet Resour Newsl 155:60–74

    Google Scholar 

  • Khush GS (1997) Origin, dispersal, cultivation and variation of rice. Plant Mol Biol 35(1):25–34. doi:10.1023/a:1005810616885

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li YC, Roder MS, Fahima T, Kirzhner VM, Beiles A, Korol AB, Nevo E (2002) Climatic effects on microsatellite diversity in wild emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccoides) at the Yehudiyya microsite, Israel. Heredity 89(2):127–132

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacKey J (1988) A plant breeder’s aspect on the taxonomy of cultivated plants. Biol Zent Bl 107:369–379

    Google Scholar 

  • Mathure S, Shaikh A, Renuka N, Wakte K, Jawali N, Thengane R, Nadaf A (2011) Characterisation of aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm and correlation between their agronomic and quality traits. Euphytica 179(2):237–246. doi:10.1007/s10681-010-0294-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patra BC, Dhua SR (2003) Agro-morphological diversity scenario in upland rice germplasm of Jeypore tract. Genet Resour Crop Evol 50(8):825–828. doi:10.1023/a:1025963411919

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Poudel D, Johnsen FH (2009) Valuation of crop genetic resources in Kaski, Nepal: farmers’ willingness to pay for rice landraces conservation. J Environ Manage 90(1):483–491. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.12.020

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Prain G, Hagmann J (2000) Farmers management of diversity in local systems. In: Almekinders C, de Boef W (eds) Encouraging diversity: the conservation and development of crop genetic resources. Intermediate Technology Publications, UK, pp 94–100

    Google Scholar 

  • Rana RB, Garforth C, Sthapit B, Jarvis D (2007) Influence of socio-economic and cultural factors in rice varietal diversity management on-farm in Nepal. Agric Hum Values 24(4):461–472. doi:10.1007/s10460-007-9082-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rana RB, Garforth CJ, Sthapit BR (2009) Farmers’ management of rice varietal diversity in the mid-hills of Nepal: implications for on-farm conservation and crop improvement. Plant Genet Resour 7(1):50–62. doi:10.1017/s1479262108048259

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rao SA, Khan MA, McNeilly T, Khan AA (1997) Cause and effect relations of yield and yield components in rice (Oryza sativa L.). J Genet Breed 51(1):1–5

    Google Scholar 

  • Rieseberg LH (1997) Hybrid origins of plant species. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 28:359–389. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.28.1.359

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rijal DK, Kadayat KB, Joshi KD, Sthapit BR (1998) Inventory of indigenous rainfed and aromatic rice landraces in Seti River Valley, Pokhara, Nepal. LI-BIRD Technical paper No 2. LI-BIRD, Pokhara, p 29

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanni KA, Fawole I, Ogunbayo A, Tia D, Somado EA, Futakuchi K, Sié M, Nwilene FE, Guei RG (2012) Multivariate analysis of diversity of landrace rice germplasm. Crop Sci 52(2):494–504. doi:10.2135/cropsci2010.12.0739

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sarhadi WA, Ookawa T, Yoshihashi T, Madadi AK, Yosofzai W, Oikawa Y, Hirata Y (2009) Characterization of aroma and agronomic traits in Afghan native rice cultivars. Plant Prod Sci 12(1):63–69. doi:10.1626/pps.12.63

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma RC, Chaudhary NK, Ojha B, Yadav L, Pandey MP, Shrestha SM (2007) Variation in rice landraces adapted to the lowlands and hills in Nepal. Plant Genet Resour 5(3):120–127. doi:10.1017/s1479262107837828

    Google Scholar 

  • Sthapit BR, Rao VR (2009) Consolidating community’s role in local crop development by promoting farmer innovation to maximise the use of local crop diversity for the well-being of people. ISHS Acta Horticulturae 806:669–676 http://www.actahort.org/books/806/806_683.htm

  • Sthapit BR, Joshi KD, Rana RB, Upadhaya MP, Eyzaguirre P, Jarvis D (2001) Enhancing biodiversity and production through participatory plant breeding: setting breeding goals. Paper presented at the Proceeding of the International symposium on PPB and participatory plant genetic resource enhancement: an exchange of experiences from South and South East Asia, Pokhara, Nepal, 1–5 May 2000

  • Tripathi MP (2008) Population structure and character correlation in Jhinuwa rice landraces. Instritute of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Tribhuwan University, Dissertation

    Google Scholar 

  • Turpeinen T, Tenhola T, Manninen O, Nevo E, Nissilä E (2001) Microsatellite diversity associated with ecological factors in Hordeum spontaneum populations in Israel. Mol Ecol 10(6):1577–1591. doi:10.1046/j.1365-294X.2001.01281.x

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This study was partially funded by the LI-BIRD and IDRC/SDC-funded in situ conservation project of LI-BIRD/NARC/IPGRI. The authors are grateful to farmers of Begnas village for kindly supplying Jhinuwa accessions for this study. Technicians from the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, IAAS are thanked for their kind cooperation in field experiments. The authors express sincere thanks to Dr. Devra Jarvis (Senior Scientist, Bioversity International) and Judith Thompson (Science Editor, Bioversity International) for English and technical edits of manuscript.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Mahendra P. Tripathi

    Present address: National Maize Research Program, Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal

  2. Sanjaya Gyawali

    Present address: International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas [ICARDA], Rabat, Morocco

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal

    Mahendra P. Tripathi, Lakshmi P. Subedi & Srawan K. Sah

  2. Bioversity International-Office for South Asia, NASC, DPS Marg, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India

    Bhuwon R. Sthapit

  3. Local Initiatives for Biodiversity Research and Development (LI-BIRD), Narayangarh, Chitwan, Nepal

    Sanjaya Gyawali

Authors
  1. Mahendra P. Tripathi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Bhuwon R. Sthapit
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Lakshmi P. Subedi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Srawan K. Sah
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Sanjaya Gyawali
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sanjaya Gyawali.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (DOCX 18 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Tripathi, M.P., Sthapit, B.R., Subedi, L.P. et al. Agro-morphological variation in “Jhinuwa” rice landraces (Oryza sativa L.) of Nepal. Genet Resour Crop Evol 60, 2261–2271 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-013-9992-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-013-9992-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation