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Wheat genetic resources enhancement by the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)

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Abstract

The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) acts as a catalyst and leader in a global maize and wheat innovation network that serves the poor in the developing world. Drawing on strong science and effective partnerships, CIMMYT researchers create, share, and use knowledge and technology to increase food security, improve the productivity and profitability of farming systems and sustain natural resources. This people-centered mission does not ignore the fact that CIMMYT’s unique niche is as a genetic resources enhancement center for the developing world, as shown by this review article focusing on wheat. CIMMYT’s value proposition resides therefore in its use of crop genetic diversity: conserving it, studying it, adding value to it, and sharing it in enhanced form with clients worldwide. The main undertakings include: long-term safe conservation of world heritage of both crop resources for future generations, in line with formal agreements under the 2004 International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, understanding the rich genetic diversity of two of the most important staples worldwide, exploiting the untapped value of crop genetic resources through discovery of specific, strategically-important traits required for current and future generations of target beneficiaries, and development of strategic germplasm through innovative genetic enhancement. Finally, the Center needs to ensure that its main products reach end-users and improve their livelihoods. In this regard, CIMMYT is the main international, public source of wheat seed-embedded technology to reduce vulnerability and alleviate poverty, helping farmers move from subsistence to income-generating production systems. Beyond a focus on higher grain yields and value-added germplasm, CIMMYT plays an “integrative” role in crop and natural resource management research, promoting the efficient use of water and other inputs, lower production costs, better management of biotic stresses, and enhanced system diversity and resilience.

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Abbreviations

AA:

Association analysis

ARI:

Advanced research institutes

BNI:

Biological nitrification inhibition

CAZS-NR:

Center for Arid Zone Studies-Natural Resources

CGIAR:

Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research

CIMMYT:

Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo

CTD:

Canopy temperature depression

CWANA:

Central and West Asia and Northern Africa

DON:

Deoxynivalenol

FAO:

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

FAWWON:

Facultative and Winter Wheat Observation Nursery

FHB:

Fusarium head blight

FONTAGRO:

Fondo Regional de Tecnología Agropecuaria

GBSSI:

Granule-bound starch synthase

GE:

Genotype-by-environment

ICAR:

Indian Council of Agricultural Research

ICARDA:

International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas

ITPGRFA:

International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture

IWIN:

International Wheat Improvement Network

MEs:

Mega-environments

IWWIP:

International Winter Wheat Improvement Program

LD:

Linkage disequilibrium

MAS:

Marker-assisted selection

MODPED:

Modified pedigree/bulk method

NARS:

National Agricultural Research Systems

NIRS:

Near-infrared spectroscopy

NIV:

Nivalenol

OSS:

Office of Special Studies

OSU:

Oregon State University

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

PVS:

Participatory variety selection

QTL:

Quantitative trait loci

RWC:

Rice-Wheat Consortium for the Indo-Gangetic Plains

SAGARPA:

Secretaría de Agricultura Ganadería. Desarrollo Rural Pesca y Alimentación (Mexico)

SELBLK:

Selected bulk method

SHL:

Seed Health Laboratory

SMTA:

Standard Material Transfer Agreement

RCT:

Resource conserving technology

ZEN:

Zearalenone

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Acknowledgement

The authors thank Ms. Allison Gillies (CIMMYT, Mexico) for editing an early version of this manuscript. We acknowledge the kind support of the CGIAR members for wheat improvement at CIMMYT through unrestricted funding and other resources brought by special project grants in recent years from Australia, Belgium, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Canada, China, Denmark, European Commission, FAO, FONTAGRO, Generation Challenge Program, Germany, HarvestPlus, India, Iran, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Norway, Republic of Korea, Rockefeller Foundation, Sasakawa Africa Association, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America and the World Bank, as well as the in-kind contributions of national partners elsewhere.

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  1. Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (CIMMYT), Km. 45 Carretera México-Veracruz, Col. El Batán, Texcoco, Edo. de Mexico, 56130, Mexico

    Rodomiro Ortiz, Hans-Joachim Braun, José Crossa, Jonathan H. Crouch, Guy Davenport, John Dixon, Susanne Dreisigacker, Etienne Duveiller, Zhonghu He, Julio Huerta, Masahiro Kishii, Petr Kosina, Yann Manes, Monica Mezzalama, Alexei Morgounov, Jiro Murakami, Julie Nicol, Guillermo Ortiz Ferrara, J. Iván Ortiz-Monasterio, Thomas S. Payne, R. Javier Peña, Matthew P. Reynolds, Kenneth D. Sayre, Ram C. Sharma, Ravi P. Singh, Jiankang Wang, Marilyn Warburton, Huixia Wu & Masa Iwanaga

  2. Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India

    Arun K. Joshi

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  1. Rodomiro Ortiz
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Correspondence to Rodomiro Ortiz.

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Ortiz, R., Braun, HJ., Crossa, J. et al. Wheat genetic resources enhancement by the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT). Genet Resour Crop Evol 55, 1095–1140 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-008-9372-4

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