Oxide chemical analysis of White Tower samples showed that the major oxides (content > 5%) are, %: SiO2–50.07; Al2O3– 16.3; Fe2O3– 7.04; CaO – 9.08. The loss on ignition is 11.32. In addition, elemental analysis determined a heightened carbon content carbon – 9.59%. The heightened carbon content (9.59%) in the inclusions attests the introduction of fuel into the green body, which increases the porosity of the articles and promotes uniform sintering of the ceramic, and the heightened content of alkali oxides (R2O > 3 – 4%) promotes the formation of a glass phase up to 1000°C. X-ray phase analysis showed the presence of anorthite, hematite, and wollastonite, which promotes greater strengthening. Moreover, the presence of isometric pores and oval closed porosity in the ceramic samples increases durability.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
V. Z. Abdrakhimov, “Influence of the phase composition on the durability of the ceramic facing of the Shakhi-zinda Samarkand Ensemble,” Steklo Keram., No. 3, 38 – 40 (2012); V. Z. Abdrakhimov, “Effect of the phase composition on the durability of ceramic facing of the Shakhi-Zinda ensemble in Samarkand,” Glass Ceram., 69(3 – 4), 104 – 106 (2012).
V. Z. Abdrakhimov and E. S. Abdrakhimova, “Interrelation of the phase composition and durability of ceramic bricks over 800 years old for the Kazan Kremlin,” Steklo Keram., No. 2, 34 – 38 (2015); V. Z. Abdrakhimov and E. S. Abdrakhimova, “Interrelation of the phase composition and durability of more than 800 year old brick for the example of the Kazan Kremlin,” Glass Ceram., 72(1 – 2), 71 – 75 (2015).
V. Z. Abdrakhimov, “Interrelation of the phase composition and durability of ceramic bricks over 600 years old in the Ipat’evskii monastery,” Steklo Keram., No. 3, 29 – 32 (2013); Abdrakhimov V. Z. Relation between the phase composition and durability of ceramic brick older than 600 yr at the Ipat’evskii monastery,” Glass Ceram., 70(3 – 4), 100 – 103 (2013).
V. F. Pavlov, Physico-Chemical Basis of the Firing of Building Ceramic Articles [in Russian], Stroiizdat, Moscow (1977).
B. I. Vinogradov, Petrography of Artificial Porous Aggregates [in Russian], Stroiizdat, Moscow (1972).
G. I. Litvinova and V. P. Pirozhkova, Petrography of Nonmetallic Inclusions [in Russian], Metallurgiya, Moscow (1972).
S. Zh. Saibulatov, S. T. Suleimenov, and A. V. Ralko, Ash-ceramic Wall Materials [in Russian], Nauka, Alma-Ata (1982).
V. P. Petrov, E. D. Belyankina, B. Z. Chistyakov, and V. V. Kozyrev, Wollastonite [in Russian], Nauka, Moscow (982).
E. S. Abdrakhimova and V. Z. Abdrakhimov, “Use of wollastonite in the production of ceramic articles,” Materialovedenie, No. 10, 47 – 52 (2004).
V. F. Pavlov, A. S. Bystrikov, and N. I. Andreeva, “Effect of alkaline additives on the phase transformations occurring during firing of clays with different mineralogical compositions,” Steklo Keram., No. 2, 38 (1970); V. F. Pavlov, A. S. Bystrikov, and N. I. Andreeva, “Effect of Li2O, Na2O, and K2O additions phase changes during the firing of clays with different mineral mineralogical composition,” Glass Ceram., 27(2), 112 – 114 (1970).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Translated from Steklo i Keramika, No. 4, pp. 40 – 43, April, 2019.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Abdrakhimova, E.S., Abdrakhimov, V.Z. Chemical, Phase Compositions and Porosity Structure of the Plinth Brick of the White Tower (Greece) of Age Greater Than 450 Yr. Glass Ceram 76, 152–154 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10717-019-00153-y
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10717-019-00153-y