Abstract
The seminal paper by Ya. B. Zeldovich (Soviet Physics Uspekhi 11, 381–393, 1968) is reprinted here, together with an editorial comment on its lasting scientific relevance, and a biography of the author.
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Notes
Ref. 7 is more extended in the original Russian text; the omitted part says: “A. Sandage, in the collection ‘Observable foundations of cosmology’, M. ‘Mir’ 1965, p. 126”. The “M.” is an abbreviation for “Moscow”, “Mir” is the name of a Soviet publishing company (editor).
In the original Russian text, Ref. 8 cites only the Russian edition (editor).
In the original Russian text, Ref. 11 says also: “(see translation: A collection of scientific works, vol. 1, M., ‘Nauka’ 1966, p. 601 (art. 44))” (editor).
The Russian version of Ref. 12 is different; instead of the two Z. Physik papers of Friedmann it cites “Usp. Fiz. Nauk 80(3), 439, 447 (1963); 93(2), 280 (1967)”. Vol. 80 of Usp. Fiz. Nauk contains the Friedmann papers translated to Russian, together with a few accompanying essays that emphasise the importance of Friedmann’s work; see the comment in Gen.Relativ.Gravit. 32, 1937 (2000).Vol. 93 of Usp. Fiz. Nauk contains just the Russian translation of the first Friedmann paper. It appeared as an element of a series of reprints of most remarkable Russian papers published in the years after 1917. The series was printed on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the birth of Soviet Union (editor).
In the Russian text, Ref. 13 includes also “see translation: A collection of scientific works, vol. 3, M., ‘Nauka’ 1967, p. 349 (art. 104)” (editor).
The Russian Ref. 15 cites the Russian translation of Eddington’s book: “Teoriya otnositelnosti, M. – L., GTTI, 1934”. The “M. – L.” stands for “Moscow – Leningrad”, “GTTI” stands for “Gosudarstvennoye Tekhniko–Teoreticheskoye Izdatelstvo” (State Technical–Theoretical Publishing Company) (editor).
In the Russian text, Ref. 19 says in addition “see also Usp. Fiz. Nauk 88, 199; 89, 731, 734 (1966)” (editor).
The paper cited here as a preprint was published next year: V. Petrosian and E.E. Salpeter, Astrophys. J. 151, 411 (1968) (editor).
This paper was translated to English (Sov. Phys. Doklady 12, 1040 (1968)) and then reprinted in our “Golden Oldies series”, Gen. Relativ. Gravit. 32, 361 (2000). The “[sic!]” does not exist in the Russian text; most probably it expresses the astonishment of an American worker of the publishing house that a paper by Andriej Sakharov could have been cited ina Soviet paper (editor).
The Russian Ref. 27 cites the Russian translation of Wentzel’s book: “Vvedeniye v kvantovuyu teoriyu volnovykh poley, M., Gostechizdat, 1947” (editor).
49The Russian Ref. 28 cites the Russian translation of the book: “PCT, spin, statistika i vse takoye, M. ‘Nauka’, 1966” (editor).
References
Petrosian V., Salpeter E., Szekeres P. (1967) Astrophys. J. 147:1222
I. S. Shklovskii, Astron. tsirkulyar No. 429 (1967); Astrophys. J. 150 (1), L1 (1967).
N. S. Kardashev, Astron. tsirkulyar No. 430 (1967); Astrophys. J. 150, L135 (1967).
Burbidge G.R., Burbidge E.M. (1967) Astrophys. J. 148(2):L107
F. Hoyle, G. R. Burbidge, and W. L. W. Sargent, Nature 209 (No. 5025), 751 (1966).
Rees M.J. (1967) Month. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 135(4):345
A. Sandage, Astrophys. J. 133, 355 (l961). Footnote
Ref. 7 is more extended in the original Russian text; the omitted part says: “A. Sandage, in the collection ‘Observable foundations of cosmology’, M. ‘Mir’ 1965, p. 126”. The “M.” is an abbreviation for “Moscow”, “Mir” is the name of a Soviet publishing company (editor).
L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz, Teorlya Polya (Field Theory), Nauka, 1967 [Addison-Wesley, 1962]. Footnote
In the original Russian text, Ref. 8 cites only the Russian edition (editor).
Ya.B. Zel’dovich, Advances Astron and Astrophys. 3, 24 (1965); see also Ya.B. Zel’dovich and I. D. Novikov, Relyativistskaya astrofizika (Relativistic Astrophysics), Nauka, 1968.
A. L. Zel’manov, Proc. 6th Conf. on Cosmogony Problems, M., 1959; Physics Encyclopedic Dictionary, v. 2, art. “Cosmogony” Sov. Entsiklopediya, 1962.
A. Einstein, Sitzungsber. Preuss. Akad., 142 (1917).Footnote
In the original Russian text, Ref. 11 says also: “(see translation: A collection of scientific works, vol. 1, M., ‘Nauka’ 1966, p. 601 (art. 44))” (editor).
A. A. Friedmann, Collected Works, Nauka 1966, pp. 229 and 238, or Z. Physik, 11, 377 (1922) and 21, 326(1924). Footnote
The Russian version of Ref. 12 is different; instead of the two Z. Physik papers of Friedmann it cites “Usp. Fiz. Nauk 80(3), 439, 447 (1963); 93(2), 280 (1967)”. Vol. 80 of Usp. Fiz. Nauk contains the Friedmann papers translated to Russian, together with a few accompanying essays that emphasise the importance of Friedmann’s work; see the comment in Gen.Relativ.Gravit. 32, 1937 (2000).Vol. 93 of Usp. Fiz. Nauk contains just the Russian translation of the first Friedmann paper. It appeared as an element of a series of reprints of most remarkable Russian papers published in the years after 1917. The series was printed on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the birth of Soviet Union (editor).
A. Einstein, Sitzungsber. Preuss. Akad., 235 (1931).Footnote
In the Russian text, Ref. 13 includes also “see translation: A collection of scientific works, vol. 3, M., ‘Nauka’ 1967, p. 349 (art. 104)” (editor).
V. B. Berestetskiĭ, E. M. Lifshitz, and L.P. Pitaevskiĭ. Kvantovaya mekhanika (Quantum Mechanics), v. 2, Relativistic Theory, Nauka, 1968.
A. Eddington, Mathematical Theory of Relativity, Cambridge Univ. Press.Footnote
The Russian Ref. 15 cites the Russian translation of Eddington’s book: “Teoriya otnositelnosti, M. – L., GTTI, 1934”. The “M. – L.” stands for “Moscow – Leningrad”, “GTTI” stands for “Gosudarstvennoye Tekhniko–Teoreticheskoye Izdatelstvo” (State Technical–Theoretical Publishing Company) (editor).
P. A. M. Dirac, Nature 139, 323 (1937); Proc. Roy. Soc. A165, 198 (1938).
Gamow G. (1967) Phys. Rev. Lett. 19:759
Ya. B. Zel’dovich, ZhETF Pis. Red. 6 1050. (1967) [JETP Lett. 6, 1345(1967)].
K.P. Stanyukovich, Gravitatsionnoe pole i élementarnye chastitsy (Gravitational Field and Elementary Particles), M., Nauka, 1965:Footnote
In the Russian text, Ref. 19 says in addition “see also Usp. Fiz. Nauk 88, 199; 89, 731, 734 (1966)” (editor).
Ya. B. Zel’dovich and Ya. A. Smorodinskiĭ, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 41, 907 (1961) [Sov. Phys.-JETP 14, 647 (1962)].
V. Petrosian, and E. Salpeter, Preprint, 1967.Footnote
The paper cited here as a preprint was published next year: V. Petrosian and E.E. Salpeter, Astrophys. J. 151, 411 (1968) (editor).
Kurt V.G., Syunyaev R.A. (1967) Kosm. issled. 5:573
A. D. Sakharov, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 170, 70 (1967). [sic!]Footnote
This paper was translated to English (Sov. Phys. Doklady 12, 1040 (1968)) and then reprinted in our “Golden Oldies series”, Gen. Relativ. Gravit. 32, 361 (2000). The “[sic!]” does not exist in the Russian text; most probably it expresses the astonishment of an American worker of the publishing house that a paper by Andriej Sakharov could have been cited ina Soviet paper (editor).
Dyson F.T. (1967) . Phys. Rev. Lett. 19:129
Peres A. (1967) Phys. Rev. Lett. 19:1293
Bahcall T.N., Schmidt M. (1967) . Phys. Rev. Lett. 19:1294
G. Wentzel, Quantum Theory of Fields, Interscience.Footnote
The Russian Ref. 27 cites the Russian translation of Wentzel’s book: “Vvedeniye v kvantovuyu teoriyu volnovykh poley, M., Gostechizdat, 1947” (editor).
R. F. Streater and A. S. Wightman, PCT, Spin, Statistics, and All That, Benjamin, 1964.Footnote
49The Russian Ref. 28 cites the Russian translation of the book: “PCT, spin, statistika i vse takoye, M. ‘Nauka’, 1966” (editor).
Science News, 23 December 1967.
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Original paper: Zeldovich, Ya. B., Kosmologicheskaya postoyannaya i teoriya elementarnykh chastits. Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk 95, 209–230 (1968). English translation by J. G. Adashko. Reprinted (with editorial corrections) with permission from Zeldovich, Ya. B.: The cosmological constant and the theory of elementary particles. Soviet Physics Uspekhi 11, 381–393, ©1968, American Institute of Physics and with the kind permission of the Editor of Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk.
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Sahni, V., Krasiński, A. Republication of: The cosmological constant and the theory of elementary particles (By Ya. B. Zeldovich). Gen Relativ Gravit 40, 1557–1591 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10714-008-0624-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10714-008-0624-6