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Population structure and effective/census population size ratio in threatened three-spined stickleback populations from an isolated river basin in northwest Spain

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Abstract

Variability at 20 microsatellite loci was examined to assess the population genetic structure, gene flow, and effective population size (N e) in three populations of three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from the upper basin of the Miño River in Galicia, NW Spain, where this species is threatened. The three populations showed similar levels of genetic diversity. There is a significant genetic differentiation between the three populations, but also significant gene flow. N e estimates based on linkage disequilibrium yielded values of 355 for the Miño River population and 241 and 311 for the Rato and Guisande Rivers, respectively, although we expect that these are overestimates. N e estimates based on temporal methods, considering gene flow or not, for the tributaries yielded values of 30–56 and 47–56 for the Rato and Guisande Rivers, respectively. Estimated census size (N c ) for the Rato River was 880 individuals. This yielded a N e/N c estimate of 3–6 % for temporal estimation of Ne, which is within the empirical range observed in freshwater fishes. We suggest that the three populations analyzed have a sufficient level of genetic diversity with some genetic structure. Additionally, the absence of physical barriers suggests that conservation efforts and monitoring should focus in the whole basin as a unit.

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Acknowledgments

We thank J. Galindo and four anonymous reviewers for helpful discussions on a previous version of the manuscript. We also thank to all the forest guards, especially to Mr. Latas, that accompanied us in the sampling trips. This work was funded by Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA; RZ2012-00011-C02-01), Xunta de Galicia (GPC2013-011 and INCITE08ENA261066ES) and Fondos Feder: “Unha maneira de facer Europa.”

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Bioquímica, Genética e Inmunología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain

    A. Pérez-Figueroa

  2. Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain

    C. Fernández, R. Amaro, M. Hermida & E. San Miguel

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  1. A. Pérez-Figueroa
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  2. C. Fernández
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  3. R. Amaro
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  4. M. Hermida
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  5. E. San Miguel
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Correspondence to E. San Miguel.

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Pérez-Figueroa, A., Fernández, C., Amaro, R. et al. Population structure and effective/census population size ratio in threatened three-spined stickleback populations from an isolated river basin in northwest Spain. Genetica 143, 403–411 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-015-9839-0

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