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The SB-index and the HSB-index: efficient indices for spatial data warehouses

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Abstract

Spatial data warehouses (SDWs) allow for spatial analysis together with analytical multidimensional queries over huge volumes of data. The challenge is to retrieve data related to ad hoc spatial query windows according to spatial predicates, avoiding the high cost of joining large tables. Therefore, mechanisms to provide efficient query processing over SDWs are essential. In this paper, we propose two efficient indices for SDW: the SB-index and the HSB-index. The proposed indices share the following characteristics. They enable multidimensional queries with spatial predicate for SDW and also support predefined spatial hierarchies. Furthermore, they compute the spatial predicate and transform it into a conventional one, which can be evaluated together with other conventional predicates by accessing a star-join Bitmap index. While the SB-index has a sequential data structure, the HSB-index uses a hierarchical data structure to enable spatial objects clustering and a specialized buffer-pool to decrease the number of disk accesses. The advantages of the SB-index and the HSB-index over the DBMS resources for SDW indexing (i.e. star-join computation and materialized views) were investigated through performance tests, which issued roll-up operations extended with containment and intersection range queries. The performance results showed that improvements ranged from 68% up to 99% over both the star-join computation and the materialized view. Furthermore, the proposed indices proved to be very compact, adding only less than 1% to the storage requirements. Therefore, both the SB-index and the HSB-index are excellent choices for SDW indexing. Choosing between the SB-index and the HSB-index mainly depends on the query selectivity of spatial predicates. While low query selectivity benefits the HSB-index, the SB-index provides better performance for higher query selectivity.

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Acknowledgments

This work has been supported by the following Brazilian research agencies: FAPESP, CAPES, CNPq, INEP, and FINEP. The first and the last authors thank the support of the Web-PIDE Project in the context of the Observatory of the Education of the Brazilian Government. The second author’s work has been funded by FAPESP under the Grant 2009/06052-7. The work carried by the third author was supported by funds from the CNPq under the Grant 479018/2009-0.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. São Carlos Campus, São Paulo Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (IFSP), Rodovia Washington Luis, Km 235, 13.565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil

    Thiago Luís Lopes Siqueira

  2. Computer Science Department, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luis, Km 235, P.O. Box 676, 13.565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil

    Thiago Luís Lopes Siqueira & Ricardo Rodrigues Ciferri

  3. Computer Science Department, University of São Paulo at São Carlos (USP), Av. do Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, P.O. Box 668, 13.560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil

    Cristina Dutra de Aguiar Ciferri

  4. Informatics Center, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Jornalista Anibal Fernandes, 50.740-560, Recife, PE, Brazil

    Valéria Cesário Times

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  1. Thiago Luís Lopes Siqueira
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  3. Valéria Cesário Times
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  4. Ricardo Rodrigues Ciferri
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Correspondence to Ricardo Rodrigues Ciferri.

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Siqueira, T.L.L., Ciferri, C.D.A., Times, V.C. et al. The SB-index and the HSB-index: efficient indices for spatial data warehouses. Geoinformatica 16, 165–205 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10707-011-0128-5

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