Abstract
The displacement monitoring of surrounding rock is necessary in geomechanical model test. However, traditional monitoring technology is difficult to meet the needs of displacement monitoring in small geological model tests. To solve the problems mentioned above, the authors developed a multi-point displacement monitoring system based on optical grating including multi-point extensometer, grating scale and multi-channel data acquisition system. Firstly, 3D anchor head with six barbs is designed and connected to the grating ruler by the steel wire, which proved to be rather sensitive to the rock deformation. Additionally, the displacement data collected can be transformed into electrical signal, which can be obtained by multi-channel acquisition system. Finally, the system was used in the model test of tunnel water leakage. The designed anchors were pre-embedded in some key monitoring points around the section in order to investigate measurement of displacements in the lining during the loading of geostress and hydraulic pressure. Afterward, FLAC3D, the finite-difference method, is adopted to simulate the whole process of physical model test and to compare with the experimental results. The results show that the experimental data was in good agreement with the numerical simulation results. In conclusion, the multi-point displacement monitoring system based on optical grating has higher precision and can be widely used in the physical model test of geotechnical engineering.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Chen AM, Gu JC, Shen J, Ming ZQ, Gu LY, Lu ZY (2004) Application study on the geomechanical model experiment techniques. Chin J Rock Mech Eng 23(22):3785–3789. https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-6915.2004.22.009
Fumagalli E (1973) Statical and geomechanical models. Springer, New York
Holmøy KH (2008) Significance of geological parameters for predicting water leakage in hard rock tunnels. Dissertation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
Huang QB, Peng JB, Men YM, Yan JK, Shi YL (2008) Model test study on effect of ground fissure on open-cut metro tunnel with integral lining. Chin J Rock Mech Eng 27(11):2324–2331. https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-6915.2008.11.021
Jiang Y (1993) Theoretical and experimental study on the stability of deep underground opening. PhD thesis, Kyushu University, Japan
Lee YJ, Bassett RH (2006) Application of a photogrammetric technique to a model tunnel. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 21(1):79–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2005.06.005
Li ZK, Wang AM (2005) Research on the displacement transfer pattern and error analysis for mini-type multi-point extensometer. Res Explor Lab 24(6):14–17. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-7167.2005.06.004
Li SC, Wang K, Li LP, Zhang QS, Hu C, Zhou Y, Liu HL, Lin P (2014) Development and application of an extendable model test system for water inrush simulation in subsea tunnel. Chin J Rock Mech Eng 33(12):2409–2418. https://doi.org/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2014.12.006
Li Y, Wang HP, Zhu WS, Li SC, Liu J (2015) Structural stability monitoring of a physical model test on an underground cavern group during deep excavations using FBG sensors. Sensors 15(9):21696–21709. https://doi.org/10.3390/s150921696
Nilsen B, Palmstrøm A (2001) Stability and water leakage of hard rock subsea tunnels. In: Modern tunnelling science and technology, proceedings of international symposium IS-Kyoto 2001. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 497–502
Panthi KK, Nilsen B (2005) Significance of grouting for controlling leakage in water tunnels: a case from Nepal. In: Proceedings of ITA-AITES 2005 world tunnelling congress and 31st ITA General Assembly, Istanbul, Turkey, pp 931–937
Sakurai S, Akutagawa S, Takeuchi K, Shinji M, Shimizu N (2003) Back analysis for tunnel engineering as a modern observational method. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 18(2):185–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0886-7798(03)00026-9
Shin JH, Potts DM, Zdravkovic L (2005) The effect of pore-water pressure on NATM tunnel linings in decomposed granite soil. Can Geotech J 42(6):1585–1599. https://doi.org/10.1139/t05-072
Sterpi D, Cividini A (2004) A physical and numerical investigation on the stability of shallow tunnels in strain softening media. Rock Mech Rock Eng 37(4):277–298. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-003-0021-0
Wang AM, Tao JK, Li ZK (2002) The design of multi-point displacement monitoring system and it’s application in 3D model test. Exp Technol Manag 19(5):21–26
Wang XY, Tan ZS, Wang MS, Zhang M, Ming HF (2008) Theoretical and experimental study of external water pressure on tunnel lining in controlled drainage under high water level. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 23(5):552–560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2007.10.004
You CA, Bai Y (2000) A new method of multi point displacement measurement surrounding rocks of underground engineering. Rock Soil Mech 21(2):138–140. https://doi.org/10.16285/j.rsm.2000.02.010
Yuan Y, Jiang X, Lee CF (2000) Tunnel waterproofing practices in China. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 15(2):227–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0886-7798(00)00048-1
Zhang QB, He L, Zhu WS (2016) Displacement measurement techniques and numerical verification in 3D geomechanical model tests of an underground cavern group. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 56:54–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2016.01.029
Zhou Y, Li SC, Li LP, Zhang QQ, Shi SS, Song SG, Wang K, Chen DY, Sun SQ (2015) New technology for fluid-solid coupling tests of underground engineering and its application in experimental simulation of water inrush in filled-type karst conduit. Chin J Geotech Eng 37(7):1232–1240. https://doi.org/10.11779/CJGE201507009
Zhu WS, Sui B, Li XJ, Li SC, Wang WT (2008) A methodology for studying the high wall displacement of large scale underground cavern groups and it’s applications. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 23(6):651–664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2007.12.009
Zhu WS, Li XJ, Zhang QB, Zheng WH, Xin XL, Sun AH, Li SC (2010) A study on sidewall displacement prediction and stability evaluations for large underground power station caverns. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 47(7):1055–1062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2010.07.008
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Number: 51139004); Shandong Province Postdoctoral Special Funds for Innovative Projects (Grant Number: 201002032); National Natural Science Foundation of China (General Program) (Grant Number: 51479106); the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China (Grant Number: 2014ZRE27303). Great appreciation goes to the editorial board and the reviewers of this paper.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sun, Sq., Li, Sc., Li, Lp. et al. Design of a Displacement Monitoring System Based on Optical Grating and Numerical Verification in Geomechanical Model Test of Water Leakage of Tunnel. Geotech Geol Eng 36, 2097–2108 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-018-0451-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-018-0451-9