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Selenium nanoparticle and selenomethionine as feed additives: effects on growth performance, hepatic enzymes’ activity, mucosal immune parameters, liver histology, and appetite-related gene transcript in goldfish (Carassius auratus)

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of different dietary selenium sources, selenium nanoparticle (nSe), and selenomethionine (SeMet) as feed additives on growth performance, hepatic enzymes’ activity, biochemical, mucosal immune parameters, liver histology, and appetite-related gene transcript in goldfish (Carassius auratus). At first, goldfish juveniles (n=480; mean 4.54 g) were fed dietary selenium nanoparticle at 0, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 mg nSe/kg diet and SeMet at 0, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 mg Se/kg for 9 weeks. Growth performance was evaluated using standard procedures. Blood, skin mucus, and tissue samples (liver and intestine) were collected for biochemical, mucosal immune response, histology, and ghrelin and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) gene expression. The results showed that fish fed diets fortified with 0.6 mg nSe/kg and 0.6 mg Se/kg had a significant higher weight gain, specific growth rates (SGR), and lower feed conversion ratios (FCR) than fish fed basal diets (p<0.05). Furthermore, dietary nSe and SeMet enhanced blood biochemical profiles especially alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (p < 0.05) and mucosal immunity than the control group in goldfish. Moreover, the liver histological investigation showed that fish fed 0.9 mg of SeMet and nSe kg−1 diets had higher liver lesion scores such as karyolysis, lipidosis, and hyperemia while fish fed 0, 0.3, and 0.6 mg of SeMet and nSe kg−1 diets had small liver changes at 9 weeks. The study further established that inclusion of nSe and SeMet in the diet of goldfish greatly promoted ghrelin and IGF-1genes expressions (p <0.05). Overall, dietary nSe performs better than SeMet and basal diets. The results evoked that nSe and SeMet stimulate the growth, biochemical, and mucosal immunity in goldfish at 0.6 mg/kg.

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The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the Taleghani Hospital of Gorgan for providing technical facilities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Offshore Fisheries Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Chabahar, Iran

    Abdolreza Jahanbakhshi, Elnaz Erfanifar & Ashkan Ajdari

  2. Persian Gulf Mollusks Research Station, Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecology Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar-e-Lengeh, Iran

    Sajjad Pourmozaffar

  3. Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria

    Ibrahim Adeshina

  4. Cold-water Fishes Genetic and Breeding Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Yasouj, Iran

    Roghayeh Mahmoudi

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  1. Abdolreza Jahanbakhshi
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Jahanbakhshi, A., Pourmozaffar, S., Adeshina, I. et al. Selenium nanoparticle and selenomethionine as feed additives: effects on growth performance, hepatic enzymes’ activity, mucosal immune parameters, liver histology, and appetite-related gene transcript in goldfish (Carassius auratus). Fish Physiol Biochem 47, 639–652 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-021-00937-6

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