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Induction of DNA base damage and strand breaks in peripheral erythrocytes and the underlying mechanism in goldfish (Carassius auratus) exposed to monocrotophos

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Abstract

Using goldfish (Carassius auratus) as the model animal, the present study revealed the types of the DNA damage induced by monocrotophos, a highly toxic organophosphorus pesticide, and explored the mechanism underlying the DNA-damaging effect of this pesticide. Results of the alkaline comet assay showed that global DNA damage (including single- and double-strand breaks and alkali-labile sites) in peripheral erythrocytes of goldfish, measured as olive tail moment, was significantly increased by exposure to 0.01, 0.10, and 1.00 mg/L monocrotophos for 24, 48, 96, and 168 h. In particular, alkali-labile sites rather than single- or double-strand breaks, distinguished by the alkaline, pH 12.1, and neutral comet assays, were mainly induced by monocrotophos at 48 h. Oxidative damage in DNA bases and telomeric DNA was investigated by using the alkaline comet assay combined with endonuclease III or formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase and with fluorescence in situ hybridization, respectively. Further, glutathione peroxidase activity significantly decreased at 24 h but increased at 96 and 168 h, and malondialdehyde concentrations significantly increased at 48 h but gradually decreased at 96 and 168 h, which indicated an over-production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at short exposure durations, but effective scavenging at long exposure durations in the peripheral blood tissues. Accordingly, our results suggest that DNA damage induced by monocrotophos in fish blood cells is possibly due to the inhibition of ROS scavenging and resulted accumulation of ROS.

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Abbreviations

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SSB:

Single-strand breaks

DSB:

Double-strand breaks

ALS:

Alkali-labile sites

OP:

Organophosphate

CYPs:

Cytochrome P450s

O2 :

Oxygen

\({\text{O}}_{ 2}^{\cdot - }\) :

Superoxide anion

\(^{ \cdot } {\text{OH}}\) :

Hydroxyl radicals

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

GSH-Px:

Glutathione peroxidase

Endo III:

Endonuclease III

FPG:

Formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase

FISH:

Fluorescence in situ hybridization

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

PBS:

Phosphate-buffered saline

OTM:

Olive tail moment

SSC:

Saline sodium citrate

Hb:

Hemoglobin

AP sites:

Apurinic or apyrimidinic sites

H2O2 :

Hydrogen peroxide

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [30671618].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China

    Fei Zhao, Bai Wang, Xiaona Zhang, Hua Tian, Wei Wang & Shaoguo Ru

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  1. Fei Zhao
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  2. Bai Wang
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  3. Xiaona Zhang
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  4. Hua Tian
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Correspondence to Shaoguo Ru.

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Zhao, F., Wang, B., Zhang, X. et al. Induction of DNA base damage and strand breaks in peripheral erythrocytes and the underlying mechanism in goldfish (Carassius auratus) exposed to monocrotophos. Fish Physiol Biochem 41, 613–624 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-015-0032-2

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