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The effect of sideband ratio on line intensity for Herschel/HIFI

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Abstract

The Heterodyne Instrument for the Far Infrared (HIFI) on board the Herschel Space Observatory is composed of a set of fourteen double sideband mixers. We discuss the general problem of the sideband ratio (SBR) determination and the impact of an imbalanced sideband ratio on the line calibration in double sideband heterodyne receivers. The HIFI SBR is determined from a combination of data taken during pre-launch gas cell tests and in-flight. The results and some of the calibration artefacts discovered in the gas cell test data are presented here along with some examples of how these effects appear in science data taken in orbit.

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Notes

  1. In case of LO impurities, providing coupling to multiple frequencies, the heterodyne receiver can also be considered as a multi-sideband receiver where the normalized gains of all sidebands add up to unity

  2. http://herschel.esac.esa.int/twiki/pub/Public/HifiCalibrationWeb/

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Mihkel Kama from the CHESS team for his help in investigating the sideband ratio effect around the 557 GHz water line. Ronan Higgins would like to thank Netty Honingh for useful discussions on the origins of the sideband ratio imbalance in bands 1 and 2. The authors are grateful to the anonymous referee for valuable comments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Strasse 77, 50937, Köln, Germany

    Ronan Higgins, Claudia Comito & Volker Ossenkopf

  2. Herschel Science Centre, Herschel Science Centre, European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), P.O. Box 78, 28691, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain

    David Teyssier

  3. California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd., MS 100-22 Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA

    Colin Borys

  4. Observatoire de Bordeaux, LAB, 2 rue de l’Observatoire BP 89, 33270, Floirac, France

    Jonathan Braine

  5. SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, PO-Box 800, 9700, AV, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Bertrand Delforge, Frank Helmich & Russell Shipman

  6. Onsala Space Observatory, Chalmers University of Technologym, 43992, Onsala, Sweden

    Michael Olberg

  7. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Mail Stop 301-429, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA

    John Pearson

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  1. Ronan Higgins
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  2. David Teyssier
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  3. Colin Borys
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  4. Jonathan Braine
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  5. Claudia Comito
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  6. Bertrand Delforge
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  7. Frank Helmich
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  8. Michael Olberg
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  9. Volker Ossenkopf
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  10. John Pearson
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  11. Russell Shipman
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Correspondence to Ronan Higgins.

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Higgins, R., Teyssier, D., Borys, C. et al. The effect of sideband ratio on line intensity for Herschel/HIFI. Exp Astron 37, 433–452 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10686-014-9382-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10686-014-9382-5

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