Abstract
Carica papaya is a trioecious species, which means its plants can exist in three sex forms, namely female (XX), male (XY), and hermaphrodite (XYh). Though infrequent, sex reversal from XY to XYh or vice versa may occur in these plants. This study proposes to investigate the genetic identity of a hermaphrodite plant (M3) identified in a dioecious progeny, determining whether sex reversal or contamination occurred. The following 16 genotypes belonging to the active germplasm bank of papaya of UENF/Caliman were analyzed: eight genotypes of the dioecious progeny (seven females and one male), one hermaphrodite genotype (M3) and seven controls (three females and four hermaphrodites). PCR was performed with 66 loci from the HSY and autosomal regions, in addition to three locus-specific primers. The genetic dissimilarity matrix obtained by the weighted index was used to cluster the individuals via the UPGMA hierarchical method and to project the distances onto the two-dimensional plane. Heterozygosity and inbreeding coefficients were estimated for each accessed region. In terms of descriptive parameters, genotype M3 was similar to the hermaphrodite controls in the HSY region and to the dioecious genotypes in the autosomal region. In the cluster analysis, genotype M3 was near the dioecious genotypes for the HSY region and near the hermaphrodites for the autosomal region. The analysis of distance projection onto the two-dimensional plane corroborated the clustering observed for the 30 loci together. Based on the analysis of the male-specific locus, the hypothesis of occurrence of natural sex reversal was discarded, indicating probable contamination.
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Abbreviations
- AGP:
-
Active germplasm bank
- AFLP:
-
Amplified fragment length polymorphism
- HSY:
-
Hermaphrodite-specific region of the Yh chromosome
- MSY:
-
Male-specific region of the Y chromosome
- Ho:
-
Observed heterozygosity
- f :
-
Inbreeding coefficient
- PCoA:
-
Principal coordinate analysis
- PCR:
-
Polymerase chain reaction
- RAPD:
-
Random amplified polymorphic DNA
- SCAR:
-
Sequence characterized amplified region
- SSR:
-
Simple sequence repeats
- UPGMA:
-
Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean
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Funding
“This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001”. We also thank the Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for granting scholarships and project financing and the Company Caliman Agrícola S/A (CALIMAN) for logistical support.
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Pirovani, A.A.V., Ramos, H.C.C., Santa-Catarina, R. et al. A hermaphrodite genotype in dioecious papaya progeny: sex reversal or contamination?. Euphytica 214, 227 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-018-2304-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-018-2304-2