Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Diallel analysis of field resistance to brown streak disease in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) landraces from Tanzania

  • Published:
Euphytica Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) is an economically important virus disease causing significant losses to cassava root yield and quality in east, central and southern Africa. Breeding for resistance in cassava requires an understanding of the underlying genetic control of CBSD resistance. Sources of CBSD resistance are available but little is known on the value of those varieties as parents for CBSD resistance breeding. Two resistant and two susceptible varieties were crossed in a half diallel design and 35 F1 progeny from each of the six families, plus parents, were screened at two locations in a randomised complete block design with four replications in warm sub-humid environments of coastal Tanzania in 2008. Screening for CBSD field resistance was done using disease severity scoring on a scale of 1–5. Significant variations in disease severity were observed for crosses, general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) at both locations. The CBSD shoot symptom severity scores ranged from 1 to 4.4 while root necrosis ranged from 1.3 to 4.5. The contribution of GCA to the total sum of squares of crosses for disease scores ranged from 86.9 to 95.2 % compared to SCA that ranged from 4.8 to 14.2 %. Additive gene effects were more important than non-additive effects indicating that CBSD resistance is genetically determined and that selection should be successful to improve resistance. Selection of parents with good GCA effects will be important for success in CBSD resistance breeding.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Agrobase (2005) Generation II. Agronomix Software Inc., Winnipeg

  • Alicai T, Omongo CA, Maruthi MN, Hillocks RJ, Baguma Y, Kawuki R, Bua A, Otim-Nape GW, Colvin J (2007) Re-emergence of cassava brown streak disease in Uganda. Plant Dis 91:24–29

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous (2003) On-farm working group report. In: Legg JP, Hillocks RJ (eds) Cassava brown streak disease: past, present and future. In: Proceedings of an international workshop, Mombasa, Kenya, 20–30 October 2002. Natural Resources International Limited, Aylesford, pp 81–83

  • Banziger PS, Paterson CJ (1992) Genetic variation: its origin and use in breeding self-pollinated species. In: Stalker TM, Murphy JP (eds) Plant breeding in the 1990s, March 1991 symposium proceedings. CABI Publishing, Wallington, pp 68–92

  • Cach NT, Lens JI, Perez JC, Morante N, Calle F, Ceballos H (2006) Inheritance of useful traits in cassava grown in sub humid conditions. Plant Breed 125:177–182

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Calle F, Perez JC, Gaitan W, Morante N, Ceballos H, Llano G, Alvarez E (2005) Diallel inheritance of relevant traits in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) adapted to acid savannas. Euphytica 144:177–186

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • CIAT (2004) Annual report. Output 3, 24 Paper presented at the 5th symposium of ISTRC, Manila, Philippines, September 1979

  • DeVries J, Toenniessen G (2001) Securing the harvest: biotechnology, breeding and seed systems for African crops. CABI Publishing, Oxon

    Google Scholar 

  • Easwari Amma CS, Sheela MN (1995) Combining ability, heterosis and gene action for three major quality traits in cassava. J Root Crops 21:24–29

    Google Scholar 

  • Eberhart SA, Gardner CO (1966) A general model for genetic effects. Biometrics 22:864–881

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis RH, Hong TD, Roberts EH (1982) An investigation of the influence of constant and alternating temperature on the germination of cassava seed using a two-dimensional temperature gradient plate. Ann Bot 49:241–246

    Google Scholar 

  • Falconer DS, Mackay FC (1996) Introduction to quantitative genetics, 4th edn. Longman, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Griffing B (1956) Concept of general and specific combining ability in relation to diallel cross systems. Aust J Biol Sci 9:463–493

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayman BI (1954) The theory and analysis of dialled crosses. Genetics 39:789–809

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hillocks RJ, Raya MD, Thresh MJ (1996) The association between root necrosis and above ground symptoms of brown streak virus infection in cassava in southern Tanzania. Int J Pest Manag 42:285–289

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hillocks RJ, Thresh MJ, Tomas J, Botaos M, Macia R, Zavier R (2002) Cassava brown streak disease in northern Mozambique. Int J Pest Manag 48:179–182

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • IITA (1990) Cassava in tropical Africa: a reference manual. Chayce Publication Services, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaramillo G, Morante N, Pérez JC, Calle F, Ceballos H, Aria B, Bellotti AC (2005) Diallel analysis in cassava adapted to the mid altitude valleys environment. Crop Sci 45:1058–1063

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jennings DL (1957) Further studies in breeding cassava for virus resistance. East Afr Agric J 22:213–219

    Google Scholar 

  • Jennings DL (1960) Observations on virus diseases of cassava in resistant and susceptible varieties. I. Brown streak. Emp J Exp Agric 28:261–270

    Google Scholar 

  • Jennings DL, Iglesias C (2002) Breeding for crop improvement. In: Hillocks RJ, Thresh JM, Bellot AC (eds) Cassava: biology, production and utilisation. CABI Publishing, Wallington, pp 149–166

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Kang MS, Kushairi Din A, Zhang Y, Magari R (1999) Combining ability for rind puncture in maize. Crop Sci 39:368–371

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kanju E, Mahungu N, Dixon AGO, Whyte J (2003) Is resistance/tolerance to cassava brown streak disease associated with the zigzag stem trait? Roots 8:15–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanju E, Masumba E, Masawe M, Tollano S, Muli B, Zacharias A, Mahungu N, Khizzah B, Whyte J, Dixon A (2007) Breeding cassava for brown streak resistance: regional cassava variety development strategy based on farmers and consumer preferences. In: Kapinga R, Kingamkono R, Msabaha M, Ndunguru J, Lenmaga B, Tusiime G (eds) Tropical root and tuber crops: opportunities for poverty alleviation and sustainable livelihoods in developing countries. Proceedings of the thirteenth triennial symposium of the international society for tropical root crops (ISTRC) held at AICC, Arusha, Tanzania, 10–14 November, 2003, pp 95–101

  • Kawano K (1980) Cassava. In: Fehr WR, Hadley HH (eds) Hybridisation of crop plants. ASA, CSSA, Madison, pp 225–233

    Google Scholar 

  • Kulembeka HP, Kullaya A, Masumba E, Labuschagne M, Ferguson M, Fregene M (2005) Genetic diversity of germplasm susceptible and resistant to cassava brown streak disease. In: Research and products development that reaches farmers. Proceedings of the second general meeting on biotechnology, breeding and seed systems for African Crops, Rockefeller Foundation, January 24–27, 2005, Nairobi, Kenya

  • Legg JP (1994) Bemisia tabaci: the whitefly vector of cassava mosaic disease Geminiviruses in Africa: an ecological perspective. Afr Crop Sci J 2:437–448

    Google Scholar 

  • Legg JP (1999) Emergency, spread and strategies for controlling the pandemic of cassava mosaic virus disease in East and central Africa. Crop Prot 18:627–637

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mahungu NH, Dixon AGO, Mkumbira JM (1994) Breeding cassava for multiple pest resistance in Africa. Afr Crop Sci J 2:539–552

    Google Scholar 

  • Maruthi MN, Hillocks RJ, Mtunda K (2005) Transmission of cassava brown streak virus by Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). J Phytopathol 153:307–312

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mbanzibwa DR, Tian YP, Tugume AK, Mukasa SB, Tairo F, Kyamanywa S, Kullaya A, Jari P, Valkonen T (2009) Genetically distinct strains of cassava brown streak virus in the Lake Victoria basin and the Indian Ocean coastal area of east Africa. Arch Virol 154:353–359

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McSween S (2004) An examination of cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) root symptom severity survey data to identify “best bet” varieties among those commonly grown by farmers in six coastal districts of Nampula province in Mozambique. Save the Children, Nampula. http://www.savethechildren.org/publications/technical-resources/hunger-malnutrition/. Accessed March 2010

  • Monger WA, Seal S, Cotton S, Foster GD (2001) Identification of different isolates of cassava brown streak virus and development of a diagnostic test. Plant Pathol 50:768–775

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Munga TL (2008) Breeding for cassava brown streak resistance in coastal Kenya. PhD thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

  • Nichols RFW (1950) The brown streak disease of cassava: distribution, climatic effects and diagnostic symptoms. East Afr Agric J 15:154–160

    Google Scholar 

  • Ntawuruhunga P, Legg J (2007) New spread of cassava brown streak virus disease and its implications for the movement of cassava germplasm in the East and Central African region. Crop crisis control Project report. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture

  • Orangel L, Borges E (1987) Diallel analysis of maize resistance to sorghum downy mildew. Crop Sci 27:178–180

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Owolade OF, Dixon AGO, Adeoti AYA (2006) Diallel analysis of cassava genotypes to anthracnose disease. World J Agric Sci 2:98–104

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh RK, Chaudhary BD (1985) Biometrical methods in quantitative genetic analysis, revised edition. Kalyan Publisher, New Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  • Sprague GF, Tatum LA (1942) General vs. specific combining ability in single crosses of corn. J Am Soc Agron 34:923–932

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yadav JS, Ogwok E, Wagaba H, Patil BL, Bagewadi B, Alicai T, Gaitan-Solis E, Taylor NJ, Fauquet CM (2011) RNAi-mediated resistance to Cassava brown streak Uganda virus in transgenic cassava. Mol Plant Pathol. doi:10.1111/j.1364-3703.2010.00700.x

    Google Scholar 

  • Zacarias da Silva AM (2008) Breeding potential of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Mozambique. PhD thesis, Bloemfontein, University of the Free State, South Africa

Download references

Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the financial support from the Rockefeller Foundation and Alliance for Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA), and the technicians who helped in collection of data at Chambezi experimental station and Naliendele Agricultural Research Institute.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ukiriguru Agricultural Research Institute, PO Box 1433, Mwanza, Tanzania

    H. P. Kulembeka

  2. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, PO Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya

    M. Ferguson

  3. Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa

    L. Herselman & M. T. Labuschagne

  4. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, PO Box 34441, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

    E. Kanju

  5. Naliendele Agricultural Research Institute, PO Box 519, Mtwara, Tanzania

    G. Mkamilo

  6. Kibaha Sugarcane Research Institute, PO Box 1433, Kibaha, Pwani, Tanzania

    E. Masumba

  7. Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N. Warson Rd, St Louis, MO, 63132, USA

    M. Fregene

Authors
  1. H. P. Kulembeka
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. Ferguson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. L. Herselman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. E. Kanju
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. G. Mkamilo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. E. Masumba
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. M. Fregene
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. M. T. Labuschagne
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. T. Labuschagne.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kulembeka, H.P., Ferguson, M., Herselman, L. et al. Diallel analysis of field resistance to brown streak disease in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) landraces from Tanzania. Euphytica 187, 277–288 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-012-0730-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-012-0730-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation