Abstract
The present study aims at characterization of Jatropha species occurring in India using nuclear and organelle specific primers for supporting interspecific gene transfer. DNA from 34 accessions comprising eight agronomically important species (Jatropha curcas, J. gossypifolia, J. glandulifera, J. integerrima, J. podagrica, J. multifida, J. villosa, J. villosa. var. ramnadensis, J. maheshwarii) and a natural hybrid, J. tanjorensis were subjected to molecular analysis using 200 RAPD, 100 ISSR and 50 organelle specific microsatellite primers from other angiosperms. The nuclear marker systems revealed high interspecific genetic variation (98.5% polymorphism) corroborating with the morphological differentiation of the species used in the study. Ten organelle specific microsatellite primers resulted in single, discrete bands of which three were functional disclosing polymorphism among Jatropha species. The PCR products obtained with organelle specific primers were subjected to sequence analysis. PCR products from two consensus chloroplast microsatellite primer pairs (ccmp6 and 10) revealed variable number of T and A residues in the intergenic regions of ORF 77–ORF 82 and rp12–rps19 regions, respectively in Jatropha. Artificial hybrids were produced between J. curcas and all Jatropha species used in the study with the exception of J. podagrica. Characterization of F1 hybrids using polymorphic primers specific to the respective parental species confirmed the hybridity of the interspecific hybrids. Characterization of both natural and artificially produced hybrids using chloroplast specific markers revealed maternal inheritance of the markers. While the RAPD and ISSR markers confirmed J. tanjorensis as a natural hybrid between J. gossypifolia and J. curcas, the ccmp primers (ccmp6 and 10) unequivocally established J. gossypifolia as the maternal parent. Evaluation of backcross interspecific derivatives of cross involving J. curcas and J. integerrima indicate scope for prebreeding and genetic enhancement of Jatropha curcas through interspecific hybridization.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anonymous (1959) The wealth of India. Raw materials, vol V. CSIR, New Delhi, pp 293–297
Banerji R, Chowdhury AR, Misra G, Sudarsanam G, Verma SC, Srivastava GS (1985) Jatropha seed oils for energy. Biomass 8:277–282
Basha SD, Sujatha M (2007) Inter and intra-population variability of Jatropha curcas (L.) characterized by RAPD and ISSR markers and development of population-specific SCAR markers. Euphytica 156:375–386
Bucci G, Anzidei M, Madaghiele A, Vendramin GG (1998) Detection of haplotypic variation and natural hybridization in halepensis-complex pine species using chloroplast simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Mol Ecol 7:1633–1643
Cato SA, Richardson TE (1996) Inter- and intraspecific polymorphism at chloroplast SSR loci and the inheritance of plastids in Pinus radiata D. Don. Theor Appl Genet 93:587–592
Cipriani G, Testolin R, Morgante M (1995) Paternal inheritance of plastids in interspecific hybrids of the genus Actinidia revealed by PCR amplification of chloroplast DNA fragments. Mol Gen Genet 247:693–697
Dehgan B (1980) Application of epidermal morphology to taxonomic delimitations in the genus Jatropha L. (Euphorbiaceae). Bot J Linn Soc 80:257–278
Dehgan B (1982) Comparative anatomy of the petiole and infrageneric relationships in Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae). Am J Bot 69:1283–1295
Dehgan B (1984) Phylogenetic significance of interspecific hybridization in Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae). Syst Bot 9:467–478
Dehgan B, Schutzman B (1994) Contributions toward a monograph of neotropical Jatropha: phenetic and phylogenetic analyses. Ann Mo Bot Gard 81:349–367
Dehgan B, Webster GL (1978) Three new species of Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae) from western Mexico. Madrono 25:30–39
Dehgan B, Webster GL (1979) Morphology and infrageneric relationships of the genus Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae). Univ Calif Publ Bot 74:1–73
Doyle JJ, Doyle JL (1990) Isolation of plant DNA from fresh tissue. Focus 12:13–15
Ellis JL, Saroja TL (1961) A new species of Jatropha from south India. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 58:834–836
Ganesh Ram S, Parthiban KT, Senthil Kumar R, Thiruvengadam V, Paramathma M (2007) Genetic diversity among Jatropha species as revealed by RAPD markers. Genet Resour Crop Evol 55:803–809. doi:10.1007/s10722-007-9285-7
Goulding SE, Olmstead RG, Mordent CW, Wolfe KH (1996) Ebb and flow of the chloroplast inverted repeat. Mol Gen Genet 252:195–206
Grivet D, Petit RJ (2003) Chloroplast DNA phylogeography of the hornbeam in Europe: evidence for a bottleneck at the outset of postglacial colonization. Conserv Genet 4:47–56
Heller J (1996) Physic nut—Jatropha curcas L. Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops. 1. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, Italy (http://www.ipgri.cgiar.org/publications/pdf/161.pdf)
Johnson DA, Hattori J (1996) Analysis of a hotspot for deletion formation within the intron of the chloroplast trnL gene. Genome 39:999–1005
Jones N, Miller JH (1991) Jatropha curcas. A multipurpose species for problematic sites. Land Resour Ser 1:1–12
Kaushik N, Kumar K, Kumar S, Kaushik N, Roy S (2007) Genetic variability and divergence studies in seed traits and oil content of Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) accessions. Biomass Bioenergy 31:497–502
Lakshminarayana M, Sujatha M (2001) Screening of Jatropha species against major defoliators of castor (Ricinus communis L.). J Oilseeds Res 18:228–230
Mc Vaugh R (1945) The genus Jatropha in America: principal intergeneric groups. Bull Torrey Bot Club 72:271–294
Mogensen HL (1996) The hows and whys of cytoplasmic inheritance in seed plants. Am J Bot 83:383–404
Openshaw K (2000) A review of Jatropha curcas: an oil plant of unfulfilled promise. Biomass Bioenergy 19:1–15
Pax F (1910) Euphorbiaceae–Jatropheae. In: Das Pflanzenreich. IV,vol 147. Verlag Von Wilhem Engleman, Leipiz, pp 1–148
Prabakaran AJ, Sujatha M (1999) Jatropha tanjorensis Ellis & Saroja, a natural interspecific hybrid occurring in Tamil Nadu, India. Genet Resour Crop Evol 46:213–218
Rajendra Kumar P, Biswal AK, Balachandran SM, Srinivasan K, Sundaram RM (2007) Simple sequence repeats in organellar genomes of rice: frequency and distribution in genic and intergenic regions. Genome anal 23:1–4
Ramamurthy K (1967) A new variety of Jatropha villosa from Madras state. Bull Bot Surv India 9:278–279
Rupert EA, Dehgan B, Webster GL (1970) Experimental studies of relationships in the genus Jatropha. L. J. curcas × J. integerrima. Bull Torrey Bot Club 97:321–325
Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T (1989) Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor
Sathaiah V, Reddy TP (1985) Seed protein profiles of castor (Ricinus communis L.) and some Jatropha species. Genet Agr 39:35–43
Schneider EL, Loke SP, Hopkins DT (1968) Gas liquid chromatographic analysis of cyclopropenoid fatty acids. J Am Oil Chem Soc 45:585–590
Sneath PHA, Sokal RR (1973) Numerical taxonomy. Freeman, San Francisco
Subramanyam K, Nayar MP (1964) A new species of Jatropha from Madras state. Bull Bot Surv India 6:331–332
Sujatha M (1996) Genetic and tissue culture studies in castor (Ricinus communis L.) and related genera. Ph.D. Dissertation, Osmania University, Hyderabad
Sujatha M (2006) Genetic improvement of Jatropha curcas L.: possibilities and prospects. Indian J Agrofor 8:58–65
Sujatha M, Prabakaran AJ (1997) Characterization and utilization of Indian Jatrophas. Indian J Pl Genet Resour 10:123–128
Sujatha M, Prabakaran AJ (2003) New ornamental Jatropha hybrids through interspecific hybridization. Genet Resour Crop Evol 50:75–82
Sujatha M, Makkar HPS, Becker K (2005) Shoot bud proliferation from axillary nodes and leaf sections of non-toxic Jatropha curcas L. Plant Growth Regul 47:83–90
Turkec A, Sayar M, Heinze B (2006) Identification of sweet cherry cultivars (Prunus avium L.) and analysis of their genetic relationships by chloroplast sequence-characterised amplified regions (cpSCAR). Genet Resour Crop Evol 53:1635–1641
van Ham RCHJ, Hart HT, Mes THM, Sandbrink JM (1994) Molecular evolution of noncoding regions of the chloroplast genome in the Crassulaceae and related species. Curr Genet 25:558–566
Vogel M, Banfer G, Moog U, Weising K (2003) Development and characterization of chloroplast microsatellite markers in Macaranga (Euphorbiaceae). Genome 46:845–857
Weising K, Gardner RC (1999) A set of conserved PCR primers for the analysis of simple sequence repeat polymorphism in chloroplast genomes of dicotyledonous angiosperms. Genome 42:9–19
Wilbur RL (1954) A synopsis of Jatropha, subsection Eucurcas, with the description of two new species from Mexico. J Elisha Mitch Sci Soc 70:92–101
Williams JGK, Kubelik AR, Livak KJ, Rafalski JA, Tingey SV (1990) DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers. Nucleic Acid Res 18:6531–6535
Zietkiewicz E, Rafalski A, Labuda D (1994) Genome fingerprinting by simple sequence repeat (SSR)—anchored polymerase chain reaction amplification. Genomics 20:176–183
Acknowledgments
The authors wish to thank the RSAD Department of the Government of Andhra Pradesh, India for support of the project. The authors also wish to thank Prof. Klaus Becker, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany for the non-toxic Mexican genotype and the Project Director, Directorate of Oilseeds Research for extending all the facilities for carrying out the investigation. (Researchers interested in information about the RAPD and ISSR primers can obtain it from the authors).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Basha, S.D., Sujatha, M. Genetic analysis of Jatropha species and interspecific hybrids of Jatropha curcas using nuclear and organelle specific markers. Euphytica 168, 197–214 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-009-9900-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-009-9900-0