Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Advances in photo-catalysis approach for the removal of toxic personal care product in aqueous environment

  • Review
  • Published:
Environment, Development and Sustainability Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Removal of personal care products (PCPs) has become one of the challenging aspects around the globe. From the last few decades, it has been introduced as one of the emerging pollutants to the environment that affects directly or indirectly our ecosystem mainly aqueous environment. From biodegradation to photo-degradation mechanism, there are different categories of treatment methods, while the priority is based upon being cheaper, effective, reliable, environmental and economically friendly that should be compatible to water chemistry. Currently, photo-catalysis is considered as one of the most reliable and efficient non-conservative technologies for the degradation of PCPs industrial effluents from the aqueous environment. A recent development of photo-catalysis technology for the removal of PCPs gives efficient performance by using carbonaceous TiO2 composites. By using hybrid nature of photo-catalyst, one can achieve suitably high and attractive efficiency with comparable low cost. In this review article, the different photo-catalysis mechanism while moving from non-photo-catalysis to photo-catalysis approach and its practical application for the removal efficiency of various polluting agents have been discussed. A critical evaluation on the various parameters for this approach is highlighted. Future perspective refers to the need for coupling of different semiconducting nano-materials with photo-catalysis that could yield higher efficiency than those of previous one. This facilitates further insight into photo-catalysis approach for the efficient degradation of PCPs to ensure healthy aqueous environment, and some points regarding fate of PCPs should be discussed in future perspective.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abdelmelek, S. B., Greaves, J., Ishida, K. P., Cooper, W. J., & Song, W. (2011). Removal of pharmaceutical and personal care products from reverse osmosis retentate using advanced oxidation processes. Environmental Science and Technology, 45(8), 3665–3671.

    Google Scholar 

  • Abedi, G., Talebpour, Z., & Jamechenarboo, F. (2018). The survey of analytical methods for sample preparation and analysis of fragrances in cosmetics and personal care products. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 102, 41–59.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Acero, J. L., Benitez, F. J., Real, F. J., & Teva, F. (2017). Removal of emerging contaminants from secondary effluents by micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration. Separation and Purification Technology, 181, 123–131.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmed, M. B., Zhou, J. L., Ngo, H. H., Guo, W., Thomaidis, N. S., & Xu, J. (2017). Progress in the biological and chemical treatment technologies for emerging contaminant removal from wastewater: A critical review. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 323, 274–298.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Archer, E., Petrie, B., Kasprzyk-Hordern, B., & Wolfaardt, G. M. (2017). The fate of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), endocrine disrupting contaminants (EDCs), metabolites and illicit drugs in a WWTW and environmental waters. Chemosphere, 174, 437–446.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Awfa, D., Ateia, M., Fujii, M., Johnson, M. S., & Yoshimura, C. (2018). Photodegradation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in water treatment using carbonaceous-TiO2 composites: A critical review of recent literature. Water Research, 142, 26–45.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baena-Nogueras, R. M., González-Mazo, E., & Lara-Martín, P. A. (2017). Degradation kinetics of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in surface waters: Photolysis vs biodegradation. Science of the Total Environment, 590, 643–654.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boxall, A. B., Rudd, M. A., Brooks, B. W., Caldwell, D. J., Choi, K., Hickmann, S., et al. (2012). Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment: What are the big questions? Environmental Health Perspectives, 120(9), 1221–1229.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bui, X. T., Koottatep, T., & Bandyopadhyay, A. (2018). Insights of the removal mechanisms of pharmaceutical and personal care products in constructed wetlands. Current Pollution Reports, 4(2), 93–103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chatonnet, P., Boutou, S., & Plana, A. (2014). Contamination of wines and spirits by phthalates: Types of contaminants present, contamination sources and means of prevention. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 31(9), 1605–1615.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, W. L., Cheng, J. Y., & Lin, X. Q. (2018). Systematic screening and identification of the chlorinated transformation products of aromatic pharmaceuticals and personal care products using high-resolution mass spectrometry. Science of the Total Environment, 637, 253–263.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheng, M., Lai, C., Liu, Y., Zeng, G., Huang, D., Zhang, C., et al. (2018). Metal-organic frameworks for highly efficient heterogeneous Fenton-like catalysis. Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 368, 80–92.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clara, M., Strenn, B., Gans, O., Martinez, E., Kreuzinger, N., & Kroiss, H. (2005). Removal of selected pharmaceuticals, fragrances and endocrine disrupting compounds in a membrane bioreactor and conventional wastewater treatment plants. Water Research, 39(19), 4797–4807.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Comeche, A., Martín-Villamil, M., Picó, Y., & Varó, I. (2017). Effect of methylparaben in Artemia franciscana. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, 199, 98–105.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Daghrir, R., Drogui, P., & Robert, D. (2012). Photoelectrocatalytic technologies for environmental applications. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 238, 41–52.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Daughton, C. G., & Ternes, T. A. (1999). Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment: Agents of subtle change? Environmental Health Perspectives, 107(suppl 6), 907–938.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dornath, P., Cho, H. J., Paulsen, A., Dauenhauer, P., & Fan, W. (2015). Efficient mechano-catalytic depolymerization of crystalline cellulose by formation of branched glucan chains. Green Chemistry, 17(2), 769–775.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ebele, A. J., Abdallah, M. A. E., & Harrad, S. (2017). Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the freshwater aquatic environment. Emerging Contaminants, 3(1), 1–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elmolla, E. S., & Chaudhuri, M. (2010). Photocatalytic degradation of amoxicillin, ampicillin and cloxacillin antibiotics in aqueous solution using UV/TiO2 and UV/H2O2/TiO2 photocatalysis. Desalination, 252, 46–52.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Figueiredo, L., Erny, G. L., Santos, L., & Alves, A. (2016). Applications of molecularly imprinted polymers to the analysis and removal of personal care products: A review. Talanta, 146, 754–765.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freyria, F. S., Geobaldo, F., & Bonelli, B. (2018). Nanomaterials for the abatement of pharmaceuticals and personal care products from wastewater. Applied Sciences, 8, 170. https://doi.org/10.3390/app8020170.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giordano, F., Bettini, R., Donini, C., Gazzaniga, A., Caira, M. R., Zhang, G. G., et al. (1999). Physical properties of parabens and their mixtures: Solubility in water, thermal behavior, and crystal structures. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 88(11), 1210–1216.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gomes, J., Costa, R., Quinta-Ferreira, R. M., & Martins, R. C. (2017). Application of ozonation for pharmaceuticals and personal care products removal from water. Science of the Total Environment, 586, 265–283.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guo, Y., & Kannan, K. (2013). A survey of phthalates and parabens in personal care products from the United States and its implications for human exposure. Environmental Science and Technology, 47(24), 14442–14449.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hashim, N. (2016). Visible light driven photocatalysis for degradation of diclofenac. Electronic thesis and dissertation repository. 3736. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/3736.

  • Hena, S., & Znad, H. (2018). Membrane bioreactor for pharmaceuticals and personal care products removal from wastewater. In Comprehensive analytical chemistry (Vol. 81, pp. 201–256). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.coac.2018.02.005.

  • Hey, G., Vega, S. R., Fick, J., Tysklind, M., Ledin, A., la Cour Jansen, J., et al. (2014). Removal of pharmaceuticals in WWTP effluents by ozone and hydrogen peroxide. Water SA, 40(1), 165–174.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill, K. L., Breton, R. L., Manning, G. E., Teed, R. S., Capdevielle, M., & Slezak, B. (2018). Deriving a water quality guideline for protection of aquatic communities exposed to triclosan in the Canadian environment. Integrated environmental assessment and management, 14(4), 437–441.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ho, D. P., Senthilnanthan, M., Mohammad, J. A., Vigneswaran, S., Ngo, H. H., Mahinthakumar, G., et al. (2010). The application of photocatalytic oxidation in removing pentachlorophenol from contaminated water. Journal of Advanced Oxidation Technologies, 13(1), 21–26.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hontela, A., & Habibi, H. R. (2013). Personal care products in the aquatic environment: A case study on the effects of triclosan in fish. In Fish Physiology (Vol. 33, pp. 411–437). Academic Press.

  • Hoppmann, R. A., Peden, J. G., & Ober, S. K. (1991). Central nervous system side effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: Aseptic meningitis, psychosis, and cognitive dysfunction. Archives of Internal Medicine, 151(7), 1309–1313.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horie, Y., Yamagishi, T., Takahashi, H., Iguchi, T., & Tatarazako, N. (2018). Effects of triclosan on Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) during embryo development, early life stage and reproduction. Journal of Applied Toxicology, 38(4), 544–551.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, P. C., Liao, K. W., Chang, J. W., Chan, S. H., & Lee, C. C. (2018). Characterization of phthalates exposure and risk for cosmetics and perfume sales clerks. Environmental Pollution, 233, 577–587.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huerta-Fontela, M., Galceran, M. T., & Ventura, F. (2008). Stimulatory drugs of abuse in surface waters and their removal in a conventional drinking water treatment plant. Environmental Science and Technology, 42(18), 6809–6816.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hussien, N. A., & Hamdi, H. (2017). Genotoxic and hypogonadism effect of triclosan treatment and the mitigating effect of vitamin e in male albino mice. Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy, 8, 200–204.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ibhadon, A. O., & Fitzpatrick, P. (2013). Heterogeneous photocatalysis: Recent advances and applications. Catalysts, 3(1), 189–218.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jung, C., Son, A., Her, N., Zoh, K. D., Cho, J., & Yoon, Y. (2015). Removal of endocrine disrupting compounds, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products in water using carbon nanotubes: A review. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 27, 1–11.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karpuzoglu, E., Holladay, S. D., & Gogal, R. M., Jr. (2013). Parabens: Potential impact of low-affinity estrogen receptor binding chemicals on human health. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 16(5), 321–335.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, S. D., Cho, J., Kim, I. S., Vanderford, B. J., & Snyder, S. A. (2007). Occurrence and removal of pharmaceuticals and endocrine disruptors in South Korean surface, drinking, and waste waters. Water Research, 41(5), 1013–1021.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, J., Park, N., Kho, Y., Lee, K., & Ji, K. (2017). Phototoxicity and chronic toxicity of methyl paraben and 1, 2-hexanediol in Daphnia magna. Ecotoxicology, 26(1), 81–89.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li, J., Zhou, Q., & Campos, L. C. (2018). The application of GAC sandwich slow sand filtration to remove pharmaceutical and personal care products. Science of the Total Environment, 635, 1182–1190.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, J., Shen, J., Wang, R., Cui, J., Zhou, W., Hu, P., et al. (2011). Nano-p–n junctions on surface-coarsened TiO2 nanobelts with enhanced photocatalytic activity. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 21(13), 5106–5113.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, W., Wu, H., Wang, Z., Ong, S. L., Hu, J. Y., & Ng, W. J. (2002). Investigation of assimilable organic carbon (AOC) and bacterial regrowth in drinking water distribution system. Water Research, 36(4), 891–898.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ma, D., Wu, T., Zhang, J., Lin, M., Mai, W., Tan, S., et al. (2013). Supramolecular hydrogels sustained release triclosan with controlled antibacterial activity and limited cytotoxicity. Science of Advanced Materials, 5(10), 1400–1409.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Machtinger, R., Zhong, J., Mansur, A., Adir, M., Racowsky, C., Hauser, R., et al. (2018). Placental lncRNA expression is associated with prenatal phthalate exposure. Toxicological Sciences, 163(1), 116–122.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meffe, R., & de Bustamante, I. (2014). Emerging organic contaminants in surface water and groundwater: A first overview of the situation in Italy. Science of the Total Environment, 481, 280–295.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Monsalvo, V. M., McDonald, J. A., Khan, S. J., & Le-Clech, P. (2014). Removal of trace organics by anaerobic membrane bioreactors. Water Research, 49, 103–112.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Montes-Grajales, D., Fennix-Agudelo, M., & Miranda-Castro, W. (2017). Occurrence of personal care products as emerging chemicals of concern in water resources: A review. Science of the Total Environment, 595, 601–614.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • M’Rabet, C., Pringault, O., Zmerli-Triki, H., Gharbia, H. B., Couet, D., & Yahia, O. K. D. (2018). Impact of two plastic-derived chemicals, the Bisphenol A and the di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, exposure on the marine toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium pacificum. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 126, 241–249.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paluselli, A., Aminot, Y., Galgani, F., Net, S., & Sempere, R. (2018). Occurrence of phthalate acid esters (PAEs) in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea and the Rhone River. Progress in Oceanography, 163, 221–231.

    Google Scholar 

  • Park, B. K., Gonzales, E. L. T., Yang, S. M., Bang, M., Choi, C. S., & Shin, C. Y. (2016). Effects of triclosan on neural stem cell viability and survival. Biomolecules & Therapeutics, 24(1), 99.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paucar, N. E., Kim, I., Tanaka, H., & Sato, C. (2019). Ozone treatment process for the removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in wastewater. Ozone Science and Engineering, 41(1), 3–16.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pedrouzo, M., Borrull, F., Marcé, R. M., & Pocurull, E. (2011). Analytical methods for personal-care products in environmental waters. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 30(5), 749–760.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Radjenović, J., Petrović, M., & Barceló, D. (2009). Fate and distribution of pharmaceuticals in wastewater and sewage sludge of the conventional activated sludge (CAS) and advanced membrane bioreactor (MBR) treatment. Water Research, 43(3), 831–841.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sansukcharearnpon, A., Wanichwecharungruang, S., Leepipatpaiboon, N., Kerdcharoen, T., & Arayachukeat, S. (2010). High loading fragrance encapsulation based on a polymer-blend: Preparation and release behavior. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 391(1–2), 267–273.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saravanan, R., Gracia, F., & Stephen, A. (2017). Basic principles, mechanism, and challenges of photocatalysis. In M. M. Khan et al. (Eds.), Nanocomposites for visible light-induced photocatalysis (pp. 19–40). Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62446-4_2.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Saxe, J. K., Predale, R. A., & Sharples, R. (2018). Reducing the environmental risks of formulated personal care products using an end-of-life scoring and ranking system for ingredients: Method and case studies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 180, 263–271.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sikka, S. C., & Bartolome, A. R. (2018). Perfumery, essential oils, and household chemicals affecting reproductive and sexual health. In Bioenvironmental issues affecting men’s reproductive and sexual health (pp. 557–569). Academic Press.

  • Siti Zulaikha, R., Sharifah Norkhadijah, S. I., & Praveena, S. M. (2015). Hazardous ingredients in cosmetics and personal care products and health concern: A review. Public Health Research, 5(1), 7–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Snyder, S. A., Westerhoff, P., Yoon, Y., & Sedlak, D. L. (2003). Pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and endocrine disruptors in water: Implications for the water industry. Environmental Engineering Science, 20(5), 449–469.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steinemann, A. (2018). Fragranced consumer products: Sources of emissions, exposures, and health effects in the UK. Air Quality, Atmosphere and Health, 11(3), 253–258.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sui, Q., Cao, X., Lu, S., Zhao, W., Qiu, Z., & Yu, G. (2015). Occurrence, sources and fate of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the groundwater: A review. Emerging Contaminants, 1(1), 14–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tahir, M. B., Ashraf, M., Rafique, M., Ijaz, M., Firman, S., & Mubeen, I. (2019a). Activated carbon doped WO3 for photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine-B. Applied Nanoscience, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-019-01141-y.

  • Tahir, M. B., Iqbal, T., Kiran, H., & Hasan, A. (2019b). Insighting role of reduced graphene oxide in BiVO4 nanoparticles for improved photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and dyes degradation. International Journal of Energy Research, 43(6), 2410–2417.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tahir, M. B., Nabi, G., Hassan, A., Iqbal, T., Kiran, H., & Majid, A. (2018a). Morphology tailored synthesis of C-WO3 nanostructures and its photocatalytic application. Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials, 28(3), 738–745.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tahir, M. B., Nabi, G., & Khalid, N. R. (2018b). Enhanced photocatalytic performance of visible-light active graphene-WO3 nanostructures for hydrogen production. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 84, 36–41.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tahir, M. B., Nabi, G., Khalid, N. R., & Khan, W. S. (2018c). Synthesis of nanostructured based WO3 materials for photocatalytic applications. Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials, 28(3), 777–782.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tahir, M. B., & Sagir, M. (2019). Carbon nanodots and rare metals (RM = La, Gd, Er) doped tungsten oxide nanostructures for photocatalytic dyes degradation and hydrogen production. Separation and Purification Technology, 209, 94–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tahir, M. B., Sagir, M., & Shahzad, K. (2019c). Removal of acetylsalicylate and methyl-theobromine from aqueous environment using nano-photocatalyst WO3-TiO2@ g-C3N4 composite. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 363, 205–213.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tawfik, A., & ElBatrawy, O. (2012). Anaerobic biodegradation of personnel care products (PCPs) wastewater in an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. Desalination and Water Treatment, 41(1–3), 232–239.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tay, K. S., Rahman, N. A., Abas, M., & Bin, R. (2011). Removal of selected endocrine disrupting chemicals and personal care products in surface waters and secondary wastewater by ozonation. Water Environment Research, 83(8), 684–691.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ternes, T. A., Stüber, J., Herrmann, N., McDowell, D., Ried, A., Kampmann, M., et al. (2003). Ozonation: A tool for removal of pharmaceuticals, contrast media and musk fragrances from wastewater? Water Research, 37(8), 1976–1982.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Y., Liu, J., Kang, D., Wu, C., & Wu, Y. (2017). Removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products from wastewater using algae-based technologies: A review. Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology, 16(4), 717–735.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, C. F., & Tian, Y. (2015). Reproductive endocrine-disrupting effects of triclosan: Population exposure, present evidence and potential mechanisms. Environmental Pollution, 206, 195–201.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weatherly, L. M., & Gosse, J. A. (2017). Triclosan exposure, transformation, and human health effects. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 20(8), 447–469.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, B. A., Smith, V. H., deNoyelles, F., & Larive, C. K. (2003). Effects of three pharmaceutical and personal care products on natural freshwater algal assemblages. Environmental Science and Technology, 37(9), 1713–1719.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, X., Fu, Q., & Gan, J. (2016). Metabolism of pharmaceutical and personal care products by carrot cell cultures. Environmental Pollution, 211, 141–147.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xue, X., Xue, J., Liu, W., Adams, D. H., & Kannan, K. (2017). Trophic magnification of parabens and their metabolites in a subtropical marine food web. Environmental Science and Technology, 51(2), 780–789.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Young, A. S., Allen, J. G., Kim, U. J., Seller, S., Webster, T. F., Kannan, K., et al. (2018). Phthalate and organophosphate plasticizers in nail polish: Evaluation of labels and ingredients. Environmental Science and Technology, 52(21), 12841–12850.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yueh, M. F., & Tukey, R. H. (2016). Triclosan: A widespread environmental toxicant with many biological effects. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 56, 251–272.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zellner, D. A., McGarry, A., Mattern-McClory, R., & Abreu, D. (2007). Masculinity/femininity of fine fragrances affects color–odor correspondences: A case for cognitions influencing cross-modal correspondences. Chemical Senses, 33(2), 211–222.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, L., Fang, P., Yang, L., Zhang, J., & Wang, X. (2013). Rapid method for the separation and recovery of endocrine-disrupting compound bisphenol AP from wastewater. Langmuir, 29(12), 3968–3975.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao, L., Hou, H., Iwasaki, K., Terada, A., & Hosomi, M. (2013). Removal of PCDD/Fs from contaminated sediment and released effluent gas by charcoal in a proposed cost-effective thermal treatment process. Chemosphere, 93(8), 1456–1463.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors from King Khalid University, Abha Saudi Arabia are thankful to Deanship of Scientific Research at for funding this work through Research Group Project under Grant Number (GRP-33-40).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan

    Muhammad Bilal Tahir, Anam Ahmad, Tahir Iqbal & Mohsin Ijaz

  2. Department of Physics, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia

    Shabbir Muhammad

  3. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia

    Saifeldin M. Siddeeg

Authors
  1. Muhammad Bilal Tahir
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Anam Ahmad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Tahir Iqbal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Mohsin Ijaz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Shabbir Muhammad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Saifeldin M. Siddeeg
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Muhammad Bilal Tahir.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Tahir, M.B., Ahmad, A., Iqbal, T. et al. Advances in photo-catalysis approach for the removal of toxic personal care product in aqueous environment. Environ Dev Sustain 22, 6029–6052 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-019-00495-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-019-00495-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation