Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Toxicological assessment of fish (Clarias gariepinus) from bitumen-polluted River Oluwa, Nigeria

  • Published:
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Toxicological evaluation of Clarias gariepinus from bitumen-polluted River Oluwa, Nigeria, was carried out in furtherance of studies on the environmental impacts of the bitumen exploration in Ondo State, Nigeria. Samples were taken from three different (two polluted and one as control) sites. The effect of changes in monthly seasonal flow rate was assessed for the sites of study. Blood plasma clinical–chemical parameters (BCCPs) and histological changes/lesions in various organs were evaluated as markers of pollution in the fish blood using standard methods. The result of the physicochemical properties of water from the sampling points revealed some of the values conforming to approved standards while others showed deviation. Significant differences were found in the blood and histological endpoints between the control and the polluted sites as well as between the two seasons evaluated across the sites. The public health implications of consuming this fish are fully discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adeyemo, O. K. (2005). Haematological and histopathological effects of cassava mill effluent in Clarias gariepinus. African Journal of Biomedical Research, 8, 179–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Atamanalp, M., & Yanik, T. (2003). Alterations in hematological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to mancozeb. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Science, 27, 1213–1217.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ates, B., Orun, I., Talas, Z. S., Durmaz, G., & Yilmaz, I. (2008). Effects of sodium selenite on some bio- chemical and hematological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) exposed to Pb2+ and Cu2+. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 34, 53–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ayandiran, T. A., Ayandele, A. A., Dahunsi, S. O., & Ajala, O. O. (2014). Microbial assessment and prevalence of antibiotic resistance in polluted Oluwa River, Nigeria. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research, 40, 291–299.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bedii, C., & Kenan, E. (2005). The effects of cadmium on levels of glucose in serum and glycogen reserves in the liver and muscle tissues of Cyprinus carpio (L., 1758). Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Science, 29, 113–117.

    Google Scholar 

  • Camargo, M. M., & Martinez, C. B. (2007). Histopathology of gills, kidney and liver of a Neotropical fish caged in an urban stream. Ichthyology, 5, 327–336.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, D. (1996). Water quality assessment: a guide to the use of Biota, sediments and water in environmental monitoring (2nd ed.) London, UK: Chapman and Hall.

  • Chen, Q., Zhang, R., Lia, W., Niu, Y., Guo, H., Liuc, X., Hou, Y., & Zhao, L. (2013). The protective effect of grape seed procyanidin extract against cadmium-induced renal oxidative damage in mice. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 36, 759–768.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dacie, J. V., & Lewis, S. M. (1975). Measurement and calculation of size of red cells, practical haematology (5th ed., pp. 40–43). London: Churchill Livingstone.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dahunsi, S. O., Oranusi, S. U., & Ishola, R. O. (2011). Biochemical profile of Clarias gariepinus exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of chemical additives effluent. International Journal of Research in Environmental Science and Technology, 1(4), 52–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dahunsi, S. O., Oranusi, S. U., & Ishola, R. O. (2012). Differential bioaccumulation of heavy metals in selected biomarkers of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) exposed to chemical additives effluent. Journal of Research in Environmental Science and Toxicology, 1(5), 100–106.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dahunsi, S. O., Owamah, H. I., Ayandiran, T. A., & Oranusi, U. S. (2014). Drinking water quality and public health of selected communities in South Western Nigeria. Water Quality Exposure and Health, 6, 143–153.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Das, B. K., & Mukherjee, S. C. (2000). Chronic toxic effect of quinalphos on some biochemical parameters in Labeo robita (Ham). Toxicology Letters, 114, 11–18.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fagbenro. O., Akinduyite, I., (2011). Acute toxicity of aqueous Morinda lucida leaf extracts to Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1857). Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture. Shanghai, China. April 22nd-24th, 2011. 52–59

  • Fanta, E., Rios, F.S., Roma˜o, S., Vianna, A.C.C., Freiberger, S., (2003). Histopathology of the fish Corydoras paleatus contaminated with sublethal levels of organophosphorus in water and food. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 54, 119–130

  • Honggang, Z., Baoshan, C., Rang, X., & Hui, Z. (2010). Heavy metals in water, soils and plants in riparian wetlands in the Pearl River Estuary, South China. Proceedings in Environmental Science, 2, 1344–1354.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Isitor, G.N., Rao, S., Nayak, S.B., Sundaram, V., (2012). Autofluorescent vesicular structures in hematoxylin and eosin stained duodenal mucosa of the domestic cat. West Indies Veterinary Journal, 9

  • Jastrzebska, E. B., & Protasowickiz, M. (2005). Effects of cadmium and nickel exposure on hematological parameters of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. Acta Ichthyology Piscat, 35(1), 29–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kavitha, C., Malarvizhi, A., Senthil, K. S., & Ramesh, M. (2010). Toxicological effects of arsenate exposure on haematological, biochemical and liver transaminase activity in an Indian major carp, Catla catla. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48(28), 48–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kavitha, C., Mathan, R., Satyanarayanan, S.K., (2011). Toxicity of Moringa oleifera seed extract on some haematological and biochemical profiles in a freshwater fish, Cyprinus carpio. Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology doi:10.1016/jetp.2011. 01.001

  • Keskin, Y., Raskaya, R., Ozyaral, O., Yurdun, T., Luleci, N. E., & Hayran, O. (2007). Cadmium, lead, mercury and copper in fish from the Marmara Sea, Turkey. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 78, 258–261.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kreutz, L. C., Barcellos, L. J. G., de Faria Valle, S., de Oliveira Silva, T., Anziliero, D., dos Santos, E. D., Pivato, M., & Zanatta, R. (2011). Altered hematological and immunological parameters in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) following short term exposure to sublethal concentration of glyphosate. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 30, 51–57.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kubrak, O. I., Atamaniuk, T. M., Storey, K. B., & Lushchak, V. I. (2013). Goldfish can recover after short-term exposure to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate: use of blood parameters as vital biomarkers. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C, 157, 259–265.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lezcano, N., Sedan, D., Lucotti, I., Giannuzzi, L., Vittone, L., Andrinolo, D., & Mundiña-Weilenmann, C. (2012). Subchronic microcystin-LR exposure increased hepatic apoptosis and induced compensatory mechanisms in mice. Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology, 26(4), 131–138.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li, Z. H., Velisek, J., Zlabek, V., Grabic, R., Machova, J., Kolarova, J., & Randak, T. (2010). Hepatic antioxidant status and hematological parameters in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, after chronic exposure to carbamazepine. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 183, 98–104.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li, Z. H., Velisek, J., Grabic, R., Li, P., Kolarova, J., & Randak, T. (2011a). Use of hematological and plasma biochemical parameters to assess the chronic effects of a fungicide propiconazole on a freshwater teleost. Chemosphere, 83, 572–578.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li, Z. H., Velisek, J., Zlabek, V., Grabic, R., Machova, J., Kolarova, J., Ping, L., & Randak, T. (2011b). Chronic toxicity of verapamil on juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): effects on morphological indices, hematological parameters and antioxidant responses. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 185, 870–880.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nigerian Industrial Standards (2007). Nigerian Standards for drinking water quality. NIS 554: 2007, ICS 13.060.20. Approved by the Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON) Governing Council, pp 14–18

  • Olajire, A. A., Alade, A. O., Adeniyi, A. A., & Olabemiwo, O. M. J. (2007). Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface soils and water from the vicinity of Agbabu bitumen field of South Western Nigeria. Environmental Science and Health Part A, 42, 1043.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olufayo, M. O. (2009). Hematological characteristics of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) juveniles exposed to Derris elliptica root powder. African Journal of Food, Agriculture and Nutritional Science, 9(3), 920–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olurin, K. B., & Aderibigbe, K. (2006). Length-weight relationship and condition factor of pond reared juvenile Oreochromis niloticus. World Journal of Zoology, 1(21), 82–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Osman, A. G. M., Koutb, M., & Sayed, A. E. D. H. (2010). Use of hematological parameters to assess the efficiency of quince (Cydonia oblonga Miller) leaf extract in alleviation of the effect of ultraviolet—a radiation on African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). Journal of Photochemistry, Photobiology B Biology, 99, 1–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pimpão, C. T., Zampronio, A. R., & Silva de Assis, H. C. (2007). Effects of deltamethrin on hematological parameters and enzymatic activity in Ancistrus multispinis (Pisces, Teleostei). Pesticides Biochemistry and Physiology, 88, 122–127.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prusty, A. K., Kohli, M. P. S., Sahu, N. P., Pal, A. K., Saharan, N., Mohapatra, S., & Gupta, S. K. (2011). Effect of short term exposure of fenvalerate on biochemical and haematological responses in Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings. Pesticides Biochemistry and Physiology, 100, 124–129.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ptashynski, M. D., Pedlar, R. M., Evans, R. E., Baron, C. L., & Klaverkamp, J. F. (2002). Toxicology of rats chronically treated with an organophosphate. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 66, 447–450.

    Google Scholar 

  • Renugadevi, J., & Prabu, S. M. (2010). Cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity in rats and the protective effect of naringenin. Experimental Toxicology and Pathology, 62(2), 171–181.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richards, M. P., & Proszkowiec-Weglarz, M. (2007). Mechanisms regulating feed intake, energy expenditure, and body weight in poultry. Poultry Science, 86, 1478–1490.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saravanan, M., Karthika, S., Malarvizhi, A., & Ramesh, M. (2011). Ecotoxicological impacts of clofibric acid and diclofenac in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings: hematological, biochemical, ionoregulatory and enzymological responses. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 195, 188–194.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simonato, J. D., Guedes, C. L. B., & Martinez, C. B. R. (2008). Biochemical, physiological, and histological changes in the neotropical fish Prochilodus lineatus exposed to diesel oil. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 69, 112–120.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sobecka, E. (2001). Changes in the iron level in the organs and tissues of wels catfish, Silurus glanis L. caused by nickel. Acta Ichthyology Piscat, 31(2), 127–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sonne, C., Dietz, R., Kirkegaard, M., Letcher, R. J., Shahmiri, S., Andersen, S., Møller, P., Olsen, A. K., & Jensen, A. L. (2008). Effects of organohalogen pollutants on haematological and urine clinical–chemical parameters in Greenland sledge dogs (Canis familiaris). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 69, 381–390.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sonne, C., Bustnes, J. O., Herzke, D., Jaspers, V. L. B., Covaci, A., Halley, D. J., Minagawa, M., Moum, T., Eulaers, I., Eens, M., Ims, R. A., Hanssen, S. A., Erikstad, K. E., Johnsen, T., Schnug, L., & Jensen, A. L. (2010). Relationships between organohalogen contaminants and blood plasma clinical–chemical parameters in chicks of three raptor species from Northern Norway. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 73, 7–17.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sonne, C., Bustnes, J. O., Herzke, D., Jaspers, V. L. B., Covaci, A., Eulaers, I., Halley, D. J., Moum, T., Ballesteros, M., Eens, M., Ims, R. A., Hanssen, S. A., Erikstad, K. E., Johnsen, T. V., Rige´t, F. F., Jensen, A. L., & Kjelgaard-Hansen, M. (2012). Blood plasma clinical–chemical parameters as biomarker endpoints for organohalogen contaminant exposure in Norwegian raptor nestlings. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 80, 76–83.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sonne, C., Rige´t, F. F., Leat, E. H. K., Bourgeon, S., Borg, K., Strøm, H., Hanssen, S. A., Gabrielsen, G. W., Petersen, A., Olafsdottir, K., Magnusdottir, E., Bustnes, J. O., Furness, R. W., & Kjelgaard-Hansen, M. (2013). Organohalogen contaminants and blood plasma clinical–chemical parameters in three colonies of North Atlantic Great skua (Stercorarius skua). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 92, 245–251.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soufy, M. K., Soliman, E. M., El-manakhly, A. U., & Gafar, U. (2007). Some biochemical and pathological investigations on monosex tilapia following chronic exposure to carbofuran pesticide. Global Veterinary Journal, 1, 45–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thophon, S., Kruatrachue, M., Upatham, E. S., Pokethitiyook, P., Sahaphong, S., & Jaritkhuan, S. (2003). Histopathological alterations of white seabass, Lates calcarifer, in acute and subchronic cadmium exposure. Environmental Pollution, 121, 307–320.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • van Dyk, J. C., Pieterse, G. M., & van Vuren, J. H. J. (2007). Histological changes in the liver of Oreochromis mossambicus (Cichlidae) after exposure to cadmium and zinc. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 66, 432–440.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vani, T., Saharan, N., Mukherjee, S. C., Ranjan, R., Kumar, R., & Brahmchari, R. K. (2011). Deltamethrin induced alterations of hematological and biochemical parameters in fingerlings of Catla catla (Ham.) and their amelioration by dietary supplement of vitamin C. Pesticides Biochemistry and Physiology, 101, 16–20.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vasylkiv, O. Y., Kubrak, O. I., Storey, K. B., & Lushchak, V. I. (2010). Cytotoxicity of chromium ions may be connected with induction of oxidative stress. Chemosphere, 80, 1044–1049.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vasylkiv, O. Y., Kubrak, O. I., Storey, K. B., & Lushchak, V. I. (2011). Catalase activity as a potential vital biomarker of fish intoxication by the herbicide aminotriazole. Pesticides Biochemistry and Physiology, 101, 1–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wepener, V., Van Vuren, J. H. J., & Du Preez, H. H. (1992a). The effect of iron and manganese at an acidic pH on the hematology of the banded tilapia (Tilapia sparrmanii, Smith). Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 49, 613–619.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wepener, V., Van Vuren, J. H., & Preez, H. H. (1992b). The effect of hexavalent chromium at different pH values on the haematology of Tilapia sparmani (Cichlidae). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 101, 375–381.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wintrobe, M. M. (1978). Clinical haematology (p. 488). London: Henry Kimpton.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization (2011). Guidelines on drinking water quality, 4th Edition. NLM Classification: WA 675 (pp 307–433). Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.

  • Yoon S, Batt SD, Lee W, Jeong SY, Baeg JO, Lee CW (2009). Separation and characterization of bitumen from Athabaca oil sand. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 26, 64–71.

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors appreciate the efforts of the faculty and staff of the Department of Pure and Applied Biology, LAUTECH, Nigeria, for making this work a success. Special thanks to our mentor, Professor Fawole OO for guiding us well.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo state, Nigeria

    T. A. Ayandiran

  2. Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria

    S. O. Dahunsi

Authors
  1. T. A. Ayandiran
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. O. Dahunsi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to T. A. Ayandiran.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ayandiran, T.A., Dahunsi, S.O. Toxicological assessment of fish (Clarias gariepinus) from bitumen-polluted River Oluwa, Nigeria. Environ Monit Assess 188, 71 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-5003-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-5003-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation