Abstract
The work describes the physicochemical analysis of the water samples collected from Lahore Canal to evaluate pollution load at different points of the canal. Different physical and chemical pollutants such as temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved and suspended solids, turbidity, chlorides, sulphates, nitrates, oils and grease, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand and biological oxygen demand (BOD) were analysed. The data was analysed through analysis of variance, which showed that the p values for dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), BOD, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solid (TDS), total suspended solid (TSS), turbidity, oil and grease, sulphates, and nitrates are <0.05, while p value of temperature, pH, and chlorides are 1.000, 0.984, and 0.070, respectively, which are >0.05. Further regression analysis revealed that the simple line regression modal is fit for turbidity and TSS, electrical conductivity and TDS, COD and DO, BOD and DO, and BOD and COD. The studies reveal that Lahore Canal is receiving a considerable amount of physical and chemical pollutants at different points.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ahmed, K. (2000). Environmental engineering laboratory (p. 55). Lahore: A-One.
APHA (1992). Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water (18th ed.). Washington, DC: American Public health Association.
Aubrey, T. H. (1950). Manual of British water supply practice. Cambridge: Institution of Water Engineers.
Camp Dresser & McKee (1999). Lake Merced water sanitary survey November 1999 Report. San Francisco: San Francisco Public Utilities Commission.
Eaton, A. D., & AWWA (2005). Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater (19th ed.). Washington: American Public Health Association.
Eckenfelder, J. W. (1992). Industrial water pollution control (2nd ed.). New York: Mc. Graw Hill.
El-Hinnawi, E., & Hashmi, M. (1982). Global environmental issues. Dublin: Tycooly.
Greenberg, E., Clesceri, L. S., & Eaton, A. D. (1992). Standard method for examination of water and waste water (18th ed.). Washington: American Public Health Association.
HACH Water Analysis Handbook (2002). 4th ed. Colorado: HACH.
Jirka, A. M., & Carter, M. J. (1975). Micro semi-automated analysis of surface and wastewaters for chemical oxygen demand. Analytical Chemistry, 47(8), 1397–1402. doi:10.1021/ac60358a004.
Margaleff, R. (1996). Limnology now. A paradigm of planetary problems (pp. 220–222). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Mishra, P. C. (1990). Foundation of air and water pollution. New Delhi: Ashish.
Prather, K., Kinman, B., Esisk, M., Dobroth, D., & Gordon, M. (1982). Transactions of the Kentucky Academy of Science, 43, 27–42.
Rump, H. H., & Krist, H. (1992). Laboratory manual for the examination of water, waste water and soil (2nd ed., pp. 90–110). New York: VCH.
Terry, L. A. (1996). Water pollution. Environmental Law Practice, 4, 19–29.
The Pakistan National Conservation Strategy. (1992). Environment and Urban Affairs Division, Government of Pakistan. Karachi: GOP/JRC-IUCN (ISBN 969-8141-00-6).
USEPA (1991). Volunteer lake monitoring: A method’s manual. EPA 440/4-91-002. Washington: Office of Water, US Environmental Protection Agency.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mumtaz, M.W., Hanif, M., Mukhtar, H. et al. Evaluation of pollution load of Lahore Canal by quantification of various pollutants through physicochemical characterisation. Environ Monit Assess 167, 437–446 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-009-1062-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-009-1062-y