Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Anastomosis group and pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia spp. associated with seedling damping-off of sugar beet in China

  • Published:
European Journal of Plant Pathology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Between 2010 and 2015, 204 Rhizoctonia isolates were obtained from diseased sugar beet seedlings which collected from the sugar beet growing regions of China. On the basis of the morphological characteristics and sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacers of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA ITS), 166 were identified as multinucleate Rhizoctonia (MNR), and 38 were binucleate Rhizoctonia (BNR), belonging to 15 species, anastomosis groups (AGs) or subgroups. The most prevalent was Rhizoctonia solani AG-4, with 49 isolates attributed to the subgroup HGIII, 47 to HGII, and 45 to HGI, followed by AG-K (31), AG-2-2IIIB (7), AG-A (6), AG-1-1C (4), AG-1-1B (3), AG-2-1 (3), AG-5 (3), AG-11 (2), AG-3 TB (1), Waitea circinata var. circinata (1), W. circinata var. zeae (1), and AG-C (1). Seventy-four representative isolates of all species, AGs or subgroups from different geographic origins were able to cause brown, dry lesions on roots of sugar beet seedlings or even seedling death with the disease incidence and the disease index ranging from 13.3 to 100% and from 1.9 to 97.1, respectively. The AG-4 isolates were the most aggressive on sugar beet seedlings. Moreover, the aggressiveness of the R. solani isolates was higher than that of the other isolates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detailed description of the AG composition of Rhizoctonia causing seedling damping-off on sugar beet in China.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ahvenniemi, P., Wolf, M., Lehtonen, M. J., Wilson, P., German-kinnari, M., & Valkonen, J. P. (2009). Evolutionary diversification indicated by compensatory base changes in ITS2 secondary structures in a complex fungal species, Rhizoctonia solani. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 69(2), 150–163.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ajayi-Oyetunde, O. O., & Bradley, C. A. (2017). Identification and characterization of Rhizoctonia species associated with soybean seedling disease. Plant Disease, 101(4), 520–533.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bacharis, C., Gouziotis, A., Kalogeropoulou, P., Koutita, O., Tzavella-Klonari, K., & Karaoglanidis, G. (2010). Characterization of Rhizoctonia spp. isolates associated with damping-off disease in cotton and tobacco seedlings in Greece. Plant Disease, 94(11), 1314–1322.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Berdugo, C., Hillnhütter, C., Sikora, R., & Oerke, E. C. (2012). A resistance bioassay for Rhizoctonia root and crown rot and damping-off caused by the anastomosis groups AG-2-2IIIB and AG-4 in sugar beet. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, A2(3), 294–302.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carling, D. E. (1996). Grouping in Rhizoctonia solani by the anastomosis reaction. In B. Sneh, S. Jabaji-Hare, S. Neate, & G. Dijst (Eds.), Rhizoctonia species: Taxonomy, molecularbiology, ecology, pathology and disease control (pp. 37–47). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carling, D., Kuninaga, S., & Brainard, K. (2002). Hyphal anastomosis reactions, rDNA-internal transcribed spacer sequences, and virulence levels among subsets of Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group-2 (AG-2) and AG-BI. Phytopathology, 92(1), 43–50.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • de la Cerda, K. A., Douhan, G. W., & Wong, F. P. (2007). Discovery and characterization of Waitea circinata var. circinata affecting annual bluegrass from the western United States. Plant Disease, 91(7), 791–797.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dong, W. H., Li, Y. Q., Duan, C. F., Li, X. G., Naito, S., Conner, R. L., et al. (2017). Identification of AG-V, a new anastomosis group of binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. from taro and ginger in Yunnan province. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 148(4), 895–906.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Escande, A. R., & Echandi, E. (1991). Protection of potato from Rhizoctonia canker with binucleate Rhizoctonia fungi. Plant Pathology, 40(2), 197–202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fang, X., Finnegan, P. M., & Barbetti, M. J. (2013). Wide variation in virulence and genetic diversity of binucleate Rhizoctonia isolates associated with root rot of strawberry in Western Australia. PLoS One, 8(2), e55877.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • García, V. G., Onco, M. P., & Susan, V. R. (2006). Biology and systematics of the form genus Rhizoctonia. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 4(1), 55–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, G. (1986). A species of Rhizoctonia, with uninucleate hyphae isolated from roots of winter wheat. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 87(3), 466–471.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hanson, L. E., & McGrath, J. M. (2010). Sugar beet seedling damping-off in Michigan. Phytopathology, 100(6S), S47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanson, L. E., & McGrath, J. M. (2011). Rhizoctonia seedling disease on sugar beet. International Sugar Journal, 113(8), 584–589.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, A. (2000). Solid formulations of binucleate Rhizoctonia isolates suppress Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium ultimum in potting medium. Microbiological Research, 154(4), 333–337.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harveson, R. M., Hanson, L. E., & Hein, G. L. (2009). Compendium of beet diseases and pests. Ed. 2. American Phytopathological society. (APS press) 21–24.

  • Hayakawa, T., Toda, T., Ping, Q., Mghalu, J. M., Yaguchi, S., & Hyakumachi, M. (2006). A new subgroup of Rhizoctonia AG-D, AG-D III, obtained from Japanese zoysia grass exhibiting symptoms of a new disease. Plant Disease, 90(11), 1389–1394.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hietala, A. M. (1995). Uni-and binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. co-existing on the roots of Norway-spruce seedlings suffering from root dieback. Forest Pathology, 25(3), 136–144.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hietala, A. M., Vahala, J., & Hantula, J. (2001). Molecular evidence suggests that Ceratobasidium bicorne has an anamorph known as a conifer pathogen. Mycological Research, 105(5), 555–562.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuramae, E. E., Buzeto, A. L., Ciampi, M. B., & Souza, N. L. (2003). Identification of Rhizoctonia solani AG 1-IB in lettuce, AG 4 HG-I in tomato and melon, and AG 4 HG-III in broccoli and spinach, in Brazil. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 109(4), 391–395.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuznia, R., & Windels, C. (1994). Rhizoctonia zeae pathogenic to spring wheat and sugar beet seedlings. Phytopathology, 84(10), 1159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, J., Xia, H. B., & Yu, J. F. (2011). The anastomosis groups of the corn sheath blight pathogen Rhizoctonia spp. in northeastern China. Mycosystema, 30(3), 392–399 (in Chinese).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lilja, A., Hietala, A. M., & Karjalainen, R. (1996). Identification of a uninucleate Rhizoctonia spp. by pathogenicity, hyphal anastomosis and RAPD analysis. Plant Pathology, 45(5), 997–1006.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nagendran, S., Hammerschmidt, R., & McGrath, J. M. (2009). Identification of sugar beet germplasm EL51 as a source of resistance to post-emergence Rhizoctonia damping-off. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 123(4), 461–471.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, B., Helms, T., Christianson, T., & Kural, I. (1996). Characterization and pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia from soybean. Plant Disease, 80(1), 74–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ogoshi, A. (1987). Ecology and pathogenicity of anastomosis and intraspecific groups of Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 25(1), 125–143.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O'sullivan, E., & Kavanagh, J. (1991). Characteristics and pathogenicity of isolates of Rhizoctonia spp. associated with damping-off of sugar beet. Plant Pathology, 40(1), 128–135.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Otero, J. T., Ackerman, J. D., & Bayman, P. (2002). Diversity and host specificity of endophytic Rhizoctonia-like fungi from tropical orchids. American Journal of Botany, 89(11), 1853–1858.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Priyatmojo, A., Yamauchi, R., Kageyama, K., & Hyakumachi, M. (2001). Grouping of binucleate Rhizoctonia anastomosis group D (AG-D) isolates into subgroups I and II based on whole-cell fatty acid compositions. Journal of Phytopathology, 149(7–8), 421–426.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharon, M., Freeman, S., Kuninaga, S., & Sneh, B. (2007). Genetic diversity, anastomosis groups and virulence of Rhizoctonia spp. from strawberry. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 117(3), 247–265.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharon, M., Sneh, B., Kuninaga, S., Hyakumachi, M., & Naito, S. (2008). Classification of Rhizoctonia spp. using rDNA ITS sequence analysis supports the genetic basis of the classical anastomosis grouping. Mycoscience, 49(2), 93–114.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smiley, R., & Uddin, W. (1993). Influence of soil temperature on Rhizoctonia root rot (R. solani AG-8 and R. oryzae) of winter wheat. Phytopathology, 83(9), 777–785.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soltaninezhad, S., Mahmoudi, S. B., & Farokhi, N. R. (2008). Characterization of sugar beet Rhizoctonia isolates in Iran. Journal of Sugar Beet, 23(2), 135–150.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strausbaugh, C. A., Eujayl, I. A., Panella, L. W., & Hanson, L. E. (2011). Virulence, distribution and diversity of Rhizoctonia solani from sugar beet in Idaho and Oregon. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 33(2), 210–226.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taheri, P., & Tarighi, S. (2012). Genetic and virulence analysis of Rhizoctonia spp. associated with sugar beet root and crown rot in the northeast region of Iran. Plant Disease, 96(3), 398–408.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Taheri, P., Gnanamanickam, S., & Höfte, M. (2007). Characterization, genetic structure, and pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia spp. associated with rice sheath diseases in India. Phytopathology, 97(3), 373–383.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Toda, T., Mushika, T., Hayakawa, T., Tanaka, A., Tani, T., & Hyakumachi, M. (2005). Brown ring patch: A new disease on bentgrass caused by Waitea circinata var. circinata. Plant Disease, 89(6), 536–542.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, P. P., & Wu, X. H. (2012). First report of sugar beet seedling damping-off caused by binucleate Rhizoctonia AG-A in China. Plant Disease, 96(11), 1696.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Webb, K. M., Hill, A. L., Laufman, J., Hanson, L. E., & Panella, L. (2011). Long-term preservation of a collection of Rhizoctonia solani using cryogenic storage. Annals of Applied Biology, 158(3), 297–304.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • White, T. J., Bruns, T., Lee, S., & Taylor, J. W. (1990). Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In M. A. Innis, D. H. Gelfand, J. J. Sninsky, & T. J. White (Eds.), PCR protocols: A guide to methods and applications (pp. 315–322). San Diego: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Windeis, С., & Nabben, D. J. (1989). Characterization and pathogenicity of anastomosis groups of Rhizoctonia solani isolated from Beta vulgaris. Phytopathology, 79(1), 83–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, G. H., Chen, H. R., Naito, S. Y., Ogoshi, A., & Deng, Y. L. (2005). First report of AG-A of binucleate Rhizoctonia in China, pathogenic to soya bean, pea, snap bean and pak choy. Journal of Phytopathology, 153(6), 333–336.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, Y. G., Zhao, C., Guo, Z. J., & Wu, X. H. (2014). Anastomosis groups and pathogenicity of binucleate Rhizoctonia isolates associated with stem canker of potato in China. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 139(3), 535–544.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, Y. G., Zhao, C., Guo, Z. J., & Wu, X. H. (2015a). Anastomosis group and pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani associated with stem canker and black scurf of potato in China. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 143(1), 99–111.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, Y. G., Zhao, C., Guo, Z. J., & Wu, X. H. (2015b). Characterization of a new anastomosis group (AG-W) of binucleate Rhizoctonia, causal agent for potato stem canker. Plant Disease, 99(12), 1757–1763.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao, C., & Wu, X. H. (2014). First report of sugar beet Rhizoctonia crown and root rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG-2-2IIIB in Shanxi province of China. Plant Disease, 98(3), 419.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao, S. F., Li, G. Y., Li, H., & Wang, Q. Y. (2002). Identification of pathogen population of sugar beet root rot disease in Xinjiang. Sugar Crops of China, 1, 3–8 (in Chinese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, S. Y., Zhang, M., Liu, Y., Zhen, J., Liang, W. X., Chen, X. J., et al. (2015). A uninucleate Rhizoctonia sp. from maize plant with ITS heterogeneity and hypersensitive to abiotic stresses. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 142(2), 397–401.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-170304). Mention of trade names or commercial products in this report is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People’s Republic of China

    Can Zhao, Yuting Li, Siying Wu, Pinpin Wang, Chenggui Han & Xuehong Wu

Authors
  1. Can Zhao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yuting Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Siying Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Pinpin Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Chenggui Han
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Xuehong Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xuehong Wu.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Human and animal studies

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects.

Electronic supplementary material

ESM 1

(DOC 269 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhao, C., Li, Y., Wu, S. et al. Anastomosis group and pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia spp. associated with seedling damping-off of sugar beet in China. Eur J Plant Pathol 153, 869–878 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-018-1603-8

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-018-1603-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation