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Emergence of new virulence phenotypes of Plasmodiophora brassicae on canola (Brassica napus) in Alberta, Canada

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Abstract

Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, is an important soilborne disease of canola (Brassica napus) in Alberta, Canada. Genetic resistance is the most effective clubroot management tool, and resistant cultivars are grown extensively in affected regions. In 2013, relatively severe symptoms of clubroot were observed in some fields of resistant canola. In greenhouse tests, four populations of P. brassicae from two of these fields caused significantly increased levels of clubroot on the cultivars from which they had been first recovered; these included three populations (L-G1, L-G2 and L-G3) recovered from the cultivar ‘L135C’, and one population (D-G3) recovered from ‘D3152’. Further testing showed that L-G1, L-G2 and L-G3 were highly virulent on a suite of six resistant canola cultivars (‘45H29’, ‘D3152’, ‘74–47CR’, ‘1960’, ‘L135C’ and ‘6056CR’) representing a cross-section of products available in Canada, while a seventh cultivar (‘9558c’) was moderately resistant to moderately susceptible. Bioassays of field soil with a dozen clubroot-resistant host genotypes confirmed that in most cases, resistance was no longer effective. Host responses to the population D-G3 were more variable, with most cultivars developing intermediate levels of disease. All four P. brassicae populations were classified as pathotypes 5, P3 and 16/6/8 on the differentials of Williams, Somé et al., and the European Clubroot Differential set. The pathotype classifications, however, do not reflect the increased virulence of these populations on clubroot-resistant canola. The identification of new virulence phenotypes of P. brassicae capable of overcoming genetic resistance underscores the need for increased stewardship of resistance sources.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the Alberta Crop Industry Development Fund Ltd., the Canola Agronomic Research Program, the Growing Forward 2 Program (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada/Canola Council of Canada), and the provincial canola grower groups including the Alberta Canola Producers Commission, SaskCanola, and the Manitoba Canola Growers Association. The assistance of Canola Council of Canada agronomists and cooperating farmers also is gratefully acknowledged, as is the technical assistance of G. Turnbull, Q. Zhou (Alberta Agriculture and Forestry), and several summer students.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada

    Stephen E. Strelkov, Victor P. Manolii & Tiesen Cao

  2. Crop Diversification Centre North, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Edmonton, AB, T5Y 6H3, Canada

    Sheau-Fang Hwang & David Feindel

Authors
  1. Stephen E. Strelkov
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  2. Sheau-Fang Hwang
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  3. Victor P. Manolii
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  4. Tiesen Cao
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Correspondence to Stephen E. Strelkov.

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Submitted for Inclusion in the Special Issue on Clubroot Disease of Crucifers

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Strelkov, S.E., Hwang, SF., Manolii, V.P. et al. Emergence of new virulence phenotypes of Plasmodiophora brassicae on canola (Brassica napus) in Alberta, Canada. Eur J Plant Pathol 145, 517–529 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-016-0888-8

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