Abstract
Whilst vehicular and industrial contributions to the airborne particulate budget are well explored, the input due to building demolition is relatively unknown. Air quality is of importance to human health, and it is well known that composition of airborne particles can have a significant influence on both chronic and acute health effects. Road dust (RD) was collected before and after the demolition of a large building to elucidate changes in elemental profile. Rainfall and PM10 mass concentration data aided interpretation of the elemental data. Quantification of Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Rh, S, Si, Sn, Ti, V and Zn was carried out. It was found that only Al, K, Mg, Si and S increased in concentration across all size fractions after the building demolition. Risk assessment was then carried out on elements with applicable reference dose values to assess the potential health risks due to the demolition. Significant risk to children was observed for chromium and aluminium exposure. PM10, monitored 40 metres from the demolition site, indicated no abnormal concentrations during the demolition; however, rainfall data were shown to affect the concentration of PM10. The elemental data observed in this study could possibly indicate the role of increased sulphur concentrations (in this case as a result of the demolition) on the buffer capacity of RD, hence leaching metals into rainwater.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
Air Quality England, http://www.airqualityengland.co.uk/site/latest?site_id=MAN1.
References
Abu-Allaban, M., Gillies, J. A., Gertler, A. W., Clayton, R., & Proffitt, D. (2003). Tailpipe, resuspended road dust, break-ware emission factors from on road vehicles. Atmospheric Environment, 37, 5283–5293.
Alomary, A. A., & Belhadj, S. (2007). Determination of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn) by ICP-OES and their speciation in Algerian Mediterranean Sea sediments after a five-stage sequential extraction procedure. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 135, 265–280.
Amato, F., Pandolfi, M., Escrig, A., Querol, X., Alastuey, A., Pey, J., et al. (2009a). Quantifying road dust resuspension in urban environment by multilinear engine: a comparison with PMF2. Atmospheric Environment, 43, 2770–2780.
Amato, F., Pandolfi, M., Viana, M., Querol, X., Alastuey, A., & Moreno, T. (2009b). Spatial and chemical patterns of PM10 in road dust deposited in urban environment. Atmospheric Environment, 9, 1650–1659.
Atiemo, S. M., Ofosu, G., Aboh, I. J. K., & Oppon, O. C. (2012). Levels and sources of heavy metal contamination in road dust in selected major highways of Accra, Ghana. X-Ray Spectrometry, 41, 105–110.
Bian, B., & Zhu, W. (2009). Particle size distribution and pollutants in road deposited sediment in different areas of Zhengjiang, China. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 31, 511–520.
Buranatrevedh, S. (2014). Health risk assessment of general populations exposed to metals from an aluminium production plant in Thailand. Journal of Community Medicine and Health Education, 4, 262.
Cao, S., Duan, X., Zhao, X., Wang, B., Ma, J., Fan, D., et al. (2015). Health risk assessments of various metal(loid)s via multiple exposure pathways on children living near a typical lead-acid battery plant, China. Environmental Pollution, 200, 16–23.
Cavallari, J. M., Eisen, E. A., Fang, S. C., Schwartz, J., Hauser, R., & Herrick, R. F. (2008). PM2.5 metal exposures and nocturnal heart rate variability: a panel study of boilermaker construction workers. Environmental Health, 7, 36.
Cesari, D., Contini, D., Genga, A., Siciliano, M., Elefante, C., Baglivi, F., & Daniele, L. (2012). Analysis of raw soils and their re-suspended PM10 fractions: Characterisation of source profiles and enrichment factors. Applied Geochemistry, 27, 1238–1246.
Chang, T. Y. (1984). Rain and snow scavenging of HNO3 vapor in the atmosphere. Atmospheric Environment, 18, 191–197.
Charlesworth, S. M., & Lees, J. A. (1999). The distribution of heavy metals in deposited urban dusts and sediments, Coventry, England. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 21, 97–115.
Chen, J., Wang, W., Liu, H., & Ren, L. (2012). Determination of road dust loadings and chemical characteristics using resuspension. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 184, 1693–1709.
Davies, T. D. (1976). Precipitation scavenging of sulfur dioxide in an industrial area. Atmospheric Environment, 10, 879–890.
Deacon, A. R., Derwent, R. G., Harrison, R. M., Middleton, D. R., & Moorcroft, S. (1997). Analysis and interpretation of measurements of suspended particulate matter at urban background sites in the United Kingdom. Science of the Total Environment, 203, 17–36.
Dong, T. T. T., & Lee, B. (2009). Characteristics, toxicity, and source appointment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in road dust of Ulsan, Korea. Chemosphere, 74, 1245–1253.
Du, Y., Gao, B., Zhou, H., Xinxin, J., Hao, H., & Yin, S. (2013). Health risk assessment of heavy metals in road dusts in urban parks of Beijing, China. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 18, 299–309.
Du, Y., Wei, M., Reddy, K. R., Liu, Z., & Jin, F. (2014). Effect of acid rain pH on leaching behavior of cement stabilized lead-contaminated soil. Journal of Hazardous Material, 271, 131–140.
Dulski, T. R. (1996). A manual for the chemical analysis of metals. Ann Arbor, MI: America Society for Testing and Materials.
Ferreira-Baptiste, L., & De Miguel, E. (2005). Geochemistry and risk assessment of street dust in Luanda, Angola: A tropical urban environment. Atmospheric Environment, 39, 4501–4512.
Fujiwara, F., Rebagliatani, R. J., Dawidowski, L., Gomez, D., Polla, G., & Perenya, V. (2011). Spatial and chemical patterns of sized fractioned road dust collected in a megacity. Atmospheric Environment, 45, 1497–1505.
Goldbohm, R. A., Tielemans, E. L. J. P., Heederik, D., Rubingh, C. M., Dekkers, S., Willems, M. I., & Kroese, E. D. (2006). Risk assessment for carcinogens based on epidemiological data: A structured approach, illustrated by an example of chromium. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 44, 294–310.
Gunawardana, C., Goonetilleke, A., Egodawatta, P., Dawes, L., & Kokot, S. (2012). Source characterisation of road dust based on chemical and mineral composition. Chemosphere, 87, 163–170.
Harrison, R. M., Smith, D. G. T., Pio, C. A., & Castro, L. M. (1997). Comparative receptor modelling study of airborne particulate pollutants in Birmingham, Unite Kingdom, Coimbra (Portugal) and Lahore (Pakistan). Atmospheric Environment, 31, 3309–3321.
HEAST (2011). Health effect assessment summary tables for superfund. http://epa-heast.ornl.gov/
Hien, P. D., Binh, N. T., Truong, Y., & Ngo, N. T. N. (1999). Temporal variations of source impacts at the receptor, as derived from particulate monitoring data in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Atmospheric Environment, 33, 3133–3142.
Iavicoli, I., & Leso, V. (2015). Handbook on the toxicology of metals (4th ed., pp. 1143–1174)., Volume II specific metals London: Academic press.
Jackson, M. T., Sampson, J., & Prichard, H. M. (2007). Platinum and palladium variations through the urban environment: evidence from 11 sampling types from Sheffield. Science of the Total Environment, 385, 117–131.
Kadiiska, M. B., & Mason, R. P. (2002). In vivo copper-mediated free radical production: An Esr spin-trapping study. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 58, 1227–1239.
Kasprzak, K., Sunderman, F. W., & Salnikowm, K. (2003). Nickel carcinogenesis. Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, 533, 67–97.
Kennedy, N. J., & Hines, W. C. (2002). Inhalability of large solid particles. Journal of Aerosol Science, 33, 237–255.
Lapworth, A., & McGreggor, J. (2008). Seasonal variation of the prevailing wind direction in Britain. Weather, 63, 365–368.
Li, H., Zhou, D., Zhang, Q., Feng, C., Zheng, W., He, K., & Lan, Y. (2013). Vanadium exposure-induced neurobehavioural alterations among Chinese workers. NeuroToxicology, 36, 49–54.
Liu, E., Yan, T., Birch, G., & Zhu, Y. (2014). Pollution and health risk of potentially toxic metals in urban road dust in Nanjing, a mega-city of China. Science of the Total Environment, 476, 522–531.
Liu, X., Zhai, Y., Zhu, Y., Liu, Y., Chen, H., Li, P., et al. (2015). Mass concentrations and health risk assessment of heavy metals in size-segregated airborne particulate matter in Changsa. Science of the Total Environment, 517, 215–221.
Ma, J., & Singhirunnusorn, W. (2012). Distribution and health risks assessment of heavy metals in surface dusts of Maha Sarakham municipality. Procedia Social and Behavioural Sciences, 50, 280–293.
Meister, K., Johansson, C., & Forsberg, B. (2012). Estimated short-term effects of course particles on daily mortality in Stockholm, Sweden. Environmental Health Perspectives, 120, 431–436.
Miu, A. C., Andreescu, C. E., Vasiu, R., & Olteanu, A. I. (2003). A behavioural and histological study on the effects of long-term exposure of adult rats to aluminium. International Journal of Neuroscience, 113, 1197–1211.
Mueller, E. J., & Seger, D. L. (1985). Metal fume fever—A review. The Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2, 271–274.
Naghadehi, M. Z., Sereshki, F., & Mohammadi, F. (2014). Pathological study of the prevalence of silicosis among coal mines in Iran: A case history. Atmospheric Environment, 83, 1–5.
Najafi, N. M., Eidizadeh, M., Seidi, S., Ghasemi, E., & Alizadeh, R. (2009). Developing electrodeposition techniques for preconcentration of ultra-traces of Ni, Cr and Pb prior to arc-atomic emission spectrometry determination. Microchemical Journal, 93, 159–163.
Oskarsson, A. (2015). Handbook on the toxicology of metals. Chapter 29—Barium, 4th Ed., pp. 625–634. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444594532000299
Ostrakhovitch, E. A. (2015). Handbook on the toxicology of metals (4th ed., pp. 1241–1285)., Volume II specific metals london: Academic press.
Pope, C. A., Burnett, R. T., Thun, M. J., Calle, E. E., Krewski, D., & Ito, K. (2002). Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution. Journal of the American Medical Association, 287, 1132–1141.
Potgieter-Vermaak, S., Rotondo, G., Novakovic, V., Rollins, S., & Van Grieken, R. (2012). Component-specific toxic concerns of the inhalable fraction of urban road dust. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 34, 689–696.
Shukla, J. B., Misra, A. K., Sundar, S., & Naresh, R. (2008). Effect of rain on removal of gaseous pollutant and two different particulate matters from the atmosphere of a city. Mathmatical and Computer Modelling, 48, 832–844.
Sorenson, M., Hoffmann, B., Hvindberg, M., Ketzel, M., Jensen, S. S., Andersen, Z. J., et al. (2012). Long-term exposure to traffic- related air pollution associated with blood pressure and self-reported hypertension in a Danish cohort. Environmental Health Perspectives, 120, 418–424.
Tucker, M. E. (1991). Sedimentary petrology: An introduction to the origin of sedimentary rocks (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Blackwell Sciences Ltd.
Ugarte, M., Osborne, N. N., Brown, L. A., & Bishop, P. N. (2013). Iron, zinc and copper in retinal physiology and disease. Survey of Ophthalmology, 58, 585–609.
Unceta, N., Seby, F., Malherbe, J., & Donard, O. F. X. (2010). Chromium speciation in solid matrices and regulation: a review. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 397, 1097–1111.
USEPA. (1989). Risk assessment guidance for superfund (Vol. 1)., Human health evaluation manual. EPA/540/1-89/002 Washington, DC: Office of Soild waste and Emergency Response.
USEPA. (1997). Exposure factors handbook. EPA/600/P-95/002F. Ishington, DC: Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development.
USEPA. (2000). Soil screening guidance for radionuclides: Technical background document. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/health/contaminants/radiation/pdfs/sstbd.pdf
USEPA. (2001). Risk Assessment Guidance For Superfund: Vol. I. Human health evaluation manual (Part D standardized planning, reporting and review of superfund). http://www.epa.gov/swerrims/riskassessment/ragsd/pdf/front_2001.pdf
Villeneuve, P. J., Goldberg, M. S., Krewski, D., Burnett, R. T., & Chen, Y. (2002). Fine particulate air pollution and all-cause mortality within the harvard six-cities study: variations in risk by periods of exposure. Annals of Epidemiology, 12, 568–576.
World Health Organisation. (2009). Global health risks, mortality and burden of disease attributable to selected major risks. http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GlobalHealthRisks_report_full.pdf
Xie, S. D., Qi, L., & Zhou, D. (2004). Investigation of the effects of acid rain on the deterioration of cement concrete using accelerated tests established in laboratory. Atmospheric Environment, 38, 4457–4466.
Zhang, J., Fu, Y., Li, J., Wang, J., He, B., & Xu, S. (2009). Effects of subchronic cadmium poisoning on DNA methylation in hens. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 27, 345–349.
Zhang, A., Gao, C., Han, X., Wang, L., Yu, C., Zeng, X., et al. (2014). Inactivation of P15ink4b in chronic arsenic poisoning cases. Toxicology Reports, 1, 692–698.
Zhang, Y., Li, Q., Liu, X., Zhu, H., Song, A., & Jiao, J. (2013). Anti-oxidant and micronutrient-rich formula reduces lead poisoning and related oxidative damage in lead-exposed mice. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 57, 201–208.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Brown, A., Barrett, J.E.S., Robinson, H. et al. Risk assessment of exposure to particulate output of a demolition site. Environ Geochem Health 37, 675–687 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-015-9747-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-015-9747-3