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A case study and a meta-analysis of seasonal variation in fish mercury concentrations

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Abstract

Mercury contamination in aquatic ecosystems is a concern due to health risks of consuming fish. Fish mercury concentrations are highly variable and influenced by a range of environmental factors. However, seasonal variation in mercury levels are typically overlooked when monitoring fish mercury concentrations, establishing consumption advisories, or creating accumulation models. Temporal variation in sampling could bias mercury concentration estimates of accumulation potential. Thus, the objectives of this study were to first evaluate seasonal variation of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) axial muscle mercury concentration from two Iowa, USA impoundments. Second, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate if seasonal variation in mercury concentration is dependent upon mean mercury concentration, waterbody type, or fish trophic level or mean length. Largemouth bass were collected four times between May and October (24–36 fish per month) from Twelve Mile (2013) and Red Haw (2014) lakes. Largemouth bass axial muscle mercury concentrations were variable within and between lakes, ranging from undetectable ( < 0.05 mg/kg) to 0.54 mg/kg. Largemouth bass mercury concentrations were similar across months in Twelve Mile but varied temporally in Red Haw and were highest in July, intermediate in May and September, and lowest during October. Results of the meta-analysis suggest that seasonal variation in mercury concentrations is more likely to occur as mean mercury concentration of the population increases but is unrelated to waterbody type, trophic status, and fish size. Understanding seasonal variation in fish mercury concentrations will aid in the development of standardized sampling programs for long-term monitoring programs and fish consumption advisories.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Iowa DNR fisheries personnel throughout the state that assisted with fish collection for this project. We also thank S. Chipps for constructive comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. Use of trade, product, or firm names is descriptive only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This project is funded by the Iowa Department of Natural Resources through contract 14CRDFBGSCHO-0002 to Iowa State University as part of an evaluation of mercury contamination in Iowa fishes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, 339 Science Hall II, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA

    Nathan Mills, Michael J. Weber & Clay L. Pierce

  2. Iowa Department of Natural Resources, 15053 Hatchery Place, Moravia, IA, 51544, USA

    Darcy Cashatt

  3. U.S. Geological Survey, Iowa Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA

    Clay L. Pierce

Authors
  1. Nathan Mills
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  2. Darcy Cashatt
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  3. Michael J. Weber
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  4. Clay L. Pierce
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michael J. Weber.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. This study was performed under the Iowa State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) protocol permit 4-14-7780-I and animals were collected under state permit SC1037.

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Table 2

Table 2 Summary of data used in the meta-analysis
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Mills, N., Cashatt, D., Weber, M.J. et al. A case study and a meta-analysis of seasonal variation in fish mercury concentrations. Ecotoxicology 27, 641–649 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-018-1942-4

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