Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Risk assessment of pesticides in estuaries: a review addressing the persistence of an old problem in complex environments

  • Published:
Ecotoxicology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Estuaries, coastal lagoons and other transition ecosystems tend to become the ultimate reservoirs of pollutants transported by continental runoff, among which pesticides constitute the class of most concern. High amounts of dissolved and particulated organic matter greatly contribute to the accumulation of pesticides that eventually become trapped in sediments or find their way along food chains. Perhaps not so surprisingly, it is common to find elevated levels of pesticides in estuarine sediments decades after their embargo. Still, it remains challenging to address ecotoxicity in circumstances that invariably imply mixtures of contaminants and multiple factors affecting bioavailability. Despite advances in methods for detecting pesticides in waters, sediments and organisms, chemical data alone are insufficient to predict risk. Many researchers have been opting for ex situ bioassays that mimic the concentrations of pesticides in estuarine waters and sediments using a range of ecologically relevant model organisms, with emphasis on fish, molluscs and crustaceans. These experimental procedures unravelled novel risk factors and important insights on toxicological mechanisms, albeit with some prejudice of ecological relevance. On the other hand, in situ bioassays, translocation experiments and passive biomonitoring strive to spot causality through an intricate mesh of confounding factors and cocktails of pollutants. Seemingly, the most informative works are integrative approaches that combine different assessment strategies, multiple endpoints and advanced computational and geographical models to determine risk. State-of-art System Biology approaches combining high-content screening approaches involving “omics” and bioinformatics, can assist discovering and predicting novel Adverse Outcome Pathways that better reflect the cumulative risk of persisting and emerging pesticides among the wide range of stressors that affect estuaries.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ahrens L, Daneshvar A, Laua AE, Kreuger J (2015) Characterization of five passive sampling devices for monitoring of pesticides in water. J Chromatogr A 1405:1–11

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Allan IJ, Vrana B, Greenwood R, Mills GA, Roig B, Gonzalez C (2006) A “toolbox” for biological and chemical monitoring requirements for the European Union’s Water Framework Directive. Talanta 69:302–322

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson B, Phillips B, hunt J, Siegler K, Voorhees J, Smalling K, Hamilton M, Ranasinghe JA, Tjeederma R (2014) Impacts of pesticides in a Central California estuary. Environ Monit Assess 186:1801–1814

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ankley GT, Bennett RS, Erickson RJ, Hoff DJ, Hornung MW, Johnson RD, Mount DR, Nichols JW, Russom CL, Schmieder PK, Serrrano JA, Tietge JE, Villeneuve DL (2010) Adverse outcome pathways: a conceptual framework to support ecotoxicology research and risk assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 29:730–741

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Assoumani A, Lissalde S, Margoum C, Mazzella N, Coquery M (2013) In situ application of stir bar sorptive extraction as a passive sampling technique for the monitoring of agricultural pesticides in surface waters. Sci Total Environ 463-464:829–835

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barranger A, Akcha F, Rouxel J, Brizarda R, Maurouarda E, Palludb M, Menardb D, Tapiec N, Budzinski H, Burgeot T, Benabdelmouna A (2014) Study of genetic damage in the Japanese oyster induced by an environmentally-relevant exposure to diuron: evidence of vertical transmission of DNA damage Aquat Toxicol 146:93–104

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bereswill R, Golla B, Streloke M, Schulz R (2012) Entry and toxicity of organic pesticides and cooper in vineyard stream: erosion rills jeopardise the efficiency of riparian buffer strips. Agric Ecosyst Environ 146:81–92

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Besse JP, Geffard O, Coquery M (2012) Relevance and applicability of active biomonitoring in continental waters under the Water Framework Directive. Trend Anal Chem 36:113–127

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bieroza MZ, Heathwaite AL (2015) Seasonal variation in phosphorus concentration–discharge hysteresis inferred from high-frequency in situ monitoring. J Hydrol 524:333–347

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Borja A, Elliott M, Carstensen J, Heiskanen AS, van de Bund W (2010) Marine management–towards an integrated implementation of the European Marine Strategy Framework and the Water Framework Directives. Mar Pollut Bull 60:2175–2186

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brenner M, Broeg K, Frickenhaus S, Buck BH, Koehler A (2014) Multibiomarker approach using the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis L.) to assess the quality of marine environments: season and habitat-related impacts. Mar Environ Res 95:13–27

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brusick D, Aardema M, Kier L, Kirkland D, Williams G (2016) Genotoxicity Expert Panel review: weight of evidence evaluation of the genotoxicity of glyphosate, glyphosate-based formulations, and aminomethylphosphonic acid. Crit Rev Toxicol 46(S1):56–74

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caeiro S, Vaz-Fernandes P, Martinho AP, Costa PM, Silva MJ, Lavinha J, Matias-Dias C, Machado A, Castanheira I, Costa MH (2017) Environmental risk assessment in a contaminated estuary: an integrated weight of evidence approach as a decision support tool. Ocean Coast Manag 143:51–62

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carson R (1962) Silent Spring.. Houghton Mifflin, Boston, MA, p 368

    Google Scholar 

  • Carvalho PN, Rodrigues PNR, Basto MCP, Vasconcelos MTSD (2009) Organochlorine pesticides levels in Portuguese coastal areas. Chemosphere 75:595–60

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Casida JE (2009) Pest toxicology: the primary mechanisms of pesticide action. Chem Res Toxicol 22:609–619

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ccanccapa A, Masiá A, Navarro-Ortega A, Picó Y, Barceló D (2016) Pesticides in the Ebro River basin: Occurrence and risk assessment. Environ Pollut 211:414–424

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cedergreen N (2014) Quantifying synergy: a systematic review of mixture toxicity studies within environmental toxicology. PLos ONE 5:e96580

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman PM, Wang F, Caeiro SS (2013) Assessing and managing sediment contamination in transitional waters. Environ Int 55:71–91

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chorney DS, Büyükpınar Ç, Turak F, Komesli OT, Bakırdere S (2017) Simultaneous determination of selected hormones, endocrine disruptor compounds, and pesticides in water medium at trace levels by GC-MS after dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. Environ Monit Assess 189:277

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Collotta M, Bertazzi PA, Bollati V (2013) Epigenetics and pesticides. Toxicology 307:35–41

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Connon RE, Geist J, Pfeiff J, Loguinov AV, D’Abronzo L, Wintz H, Vulpe CD, Werner I (2009) Linking mechanistic and behavioral responses to sublethal esfenvalerate exposure in the endangered delta smelt; Hypomesus transpacificus (Fam. Osmeridae). BMC Genom 10:608

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper CM, Smith Jr. S, Moore MT (2003) Surface water, ground water and sediment quality in three oxbow lake watersheds in the Mississippi delta agricultural region: pesticides. Int J Ecol Environ Sci 29:1171–1184

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper J, Dobson H (2007) The benefits of pesticides to mankind and the environment. Crop Prot 26:1337–1348

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cortada C, Vidal L, Tejada S, Romo A, Canals A (2009) Determination of organochlorine pesticides in complex matrices by single-drop microextraction coupled to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 638:29–35

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Costa PM, Caeiro S, Vale C, DelValls TA, Costa MH (2012a) Can the integration of multiple biomarkers and sediment geochemistry aid solving the complexity of sediment risk assessment? A case study with a benthic fish. Environ Pollut 161:107–120

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Costa PM, Chicano-Gálvez E, Caeiro S, Lobo J, Martins M, Ferreira AM, Caetano M, Vale C, Alhama-Carmona J, Lopez-Barea J, DellValls TÀ, Costa MH (2012b) Hepatic proteome changes in Solea senegalensis exposed to contaminated estuarine sediments: a laboratory and in situ survey Ecotoxicology 21:1194–1207

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Costa PM, Carreira S, Costa MH, Caeiro S (2013) Development of histopathological indices in a commercial marine bivalve (Ruditapes decussatus) to determine environmental quality. Aquat Toxicol 126:442–454

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Costa PM, Pinto M, Vicente AM, Gonçalves C, Rodrigo AP, Louro H, Costa MH, Caeiro S, Silva MJ (2014) An integrative assessment to determine the genotoxic hazard of estuarine sediments: combining cell and whole-organism responses. Front Genet 5:437

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Costa PM, Fadeel B (2016) Emerging systems biology approaches in nanotoxicology: towards a mechanism-based understanding of nanomaterial hazard and risk. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 299:101–111

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cruzeiro C, Amaral S, Rocha E, Rocha MJ (2017) Determination of 54 pesticides in waters of the Iberian Douro River estuary and risk assessment of environmentally relevant mixtures using theoretical approaches and Artemia salina and Daphnia magna bioassays. Ecotoxicol Environ Safe 145:126–134

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cruzeiro C, Rocha E, Pardal MA, Rocha MJ (2016a) Environmental assessment of pesticides in the Mondego River Estuary (Portugal). Mar Pollut Bull 103:240–246

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cruzeiro C, Rodrigues-Oliveira N, Velhote S, Pardal MA, Rocha E, Rocha MJ (2016b) Development and application of a QuEChERS-based extraction method for the analysis of 55 pesticides in the bivalve Scrobicularia plana by GC-MS/MS. Anal Bioannal Chem 408:3681–3698

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cuevas N, Zorita I, Costa PM, Larreta J, Franco J (2015) Histopathological baseline levels and confounding factors in common sole (Solea solea) for marine environmental risk assessment. Mar Environ Res 110:162–173

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Domínguez I, González RR, Liébanas FJA, Vidal JLM, Frenich AG (2016) Automated and semi-automated extraction methods for GC–MS determination of pesticides in environmental samples. Trends Environ Anal Chem 12:1–12

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elibariki R, Maguta MM (2017) Status of pesticides pollution in Tanzania - a review. Chemosphere 178:154–164

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ferreira AM, Martins M, Vale C (2003) Influence of diffuse sources on levels and distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls in the Guadiana estuary (Portugal). Mar Chem 89:175–184

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia-Reyero N, Perkins EJ (2011) Systems biology: leading the revolution in ecotoxicology. Environ Toxicol Chem 30:265–273

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg ED (1975) The mussel watch — a first step in global marine monitoring. Mar Pollut Bull 6:111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greenstein DJ, Bay SM, Young DL, Asato S, Maruya KA, Lao W (2013) The use of sediment toxicity Identification evaluation methods to evaluate clean up targets in an urban estuary Integr Environ Assess Manag 10:260–268

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gwiazda R, Paull CK, Ussler W, Alexander CR (2015) Evidence of modern fine-grained sediment accumulation in the Monterey Fan from measurements of the pesticide DDT and its metabolites. Mar Geol 363:125–133

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanke G, Mariani G, Comero S, Loos R, Bidoglio G, Polesello S, Valsecchi S, Rusconi M, Wollgast J, Castro-Jiménez J, Patrolecco L, Ademollo N (2012) Chemical-monitoring on-site exercises to harmonize analytical methods for priority substances in the European Union. Trends Anal Chem 36:25–35

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hering D, Borja A, Carstensen J, Carvalho L, Elliott M, Feld CK, Heiskanen AS, Johnson RK, Moe J, Pont D, Solheim AL, van de Bund W (2010) The European Water Framework Directive at the age of 10: a critical review of the achievements with recommendations for the future. Sci Total Environ 408:4007–4019

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hommen U, Forbes V, Grimm V, Preuss TG, Thorbek P, Ducrot V (2015) How to use mechanistic effect models in environmental risk assessment of pesticides: case studies and recommendations from the SETAC Workshop MODELINK. Integr Environ Assess Manag 12:21–31

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hook SE, Kroon FJ, Metcalfe S, Greenfield PA, Moncuquet P, McGrath A, Smith R, Warne MS, Turner RD, McKeown A, Westcott DA (2017) Global transcriptomic profiling in barramundi (Lates calcarifer) from rivers impacted by differing agricultural land uses. Environ Toxicol Chem 36:103–112

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Izagirre U, Ramos R, Marigómez I (2008) Natural variability in size and membrane stability of lysosomes in mussel digestive cells: seasonal and tidal zonation. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 372:105–117

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Juhel G, Bayen S, Goh C, Lee WK, Kelly BC (2017) Use of a suite of biomarkers to assess the effects of carbamazepine, bisphenol A, atrazine, and their mixtures on green mussels. Perna viridis Environ Toxicol 36:429–441

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim Tiam S, Fauvelle V, Morin S, Mazzella N (2016) Improving toxicity assessment of pesticide mixtures: the use of polar passive sampling devices extracts in microalgae toxicity tests. Front Microbiol 7:1388

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lacroix C, Richard G, Seguineau C, Guyomarch J, Moraga D, Auffret M (2015) Active and passive biomonitoring suggest metabolic adaptation in blue mussels (Mytilus spp.) chronically exposed to a moderate contamination in Brest harbor (France). Aquat Toxicol 162:126–137

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lefrancq M, Jadas-Hécart A, La Jeunesse I, Landry D, Payraudeau S (2017) High frequency monitoring of pesticides in runoff water to improve understanding of their transport and environmental impacts. Sci Total Environ 587-588:75–86

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lehtonen KK, Sundelin B, Lang T, Strand J (2014) Development of tools for integrated monitoring and assessment of hazardous substances and their biological effects in the Baltic Sea. Ambio 43:69–81

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li J, Li F, Liu Q (2015) Sources, concentrations and risk factors of organochlorine pesticides in soil, water and sediment in the Yellow River estuary. Mar Pollut Bull 100:516–522

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lord H, Pawliszyn J (2000) Evolution of solid-phase microextraction technology. J Chromatogr A 885:153–193

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lorenz S, Rasmussen JJ, Süß A, Kalettka T, Golla B, Horney P, Stähler M, Hommel B, Schäfer RB (2016) Specifics and challenges of assessing exposure and effects of pesticides in small water bodies. Hydrobiologia 793:213–224

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martins M, Costa PM (2015) The comet assay in environmental risk assessment of marine pollutants: applications, assets and handicaps of surveying genotoxicity in non-model organisms. Mutagenesis 30:89–106

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martins M, Costa PM, Raimundo J, Vale C, Ferreira AM, Costa MH (2012) Impact of remobilized contaminants in Mytilus edulis during dredging operations in a harbour area: Bioaccumulation and biomarker responses. Ecotoxicol Environ Safe 85:96–103

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matthews GA (2015) Pesticides: Health, Safety and the Environment, Second Edition. Wiley, Chichester, UK, p 296

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Meffe R, de Bustamante I (2014) Emerging organic contaminants in surface water and groundwater: a first overview of the situation in Italy. Sci Total Environ 481:280–295

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Montes Nieto R, García-Barrera T, Gómez-Ariza J-L, López-Barea J (2010) Environmental monitoring of Domingo Rubio stream (Huelva Estuary, SW Spain) by combining conventional biomarkers and proteomic analysis in Carcinus maenas. Environ Pollut 158:401–408

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Montuori P, Aurino S, Garzonio F, Sarnacchiaro P, Nardone A, Triassi M (2016) Distribution, sources and ecological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water and sediments from Tiber River and estuary, Italy. Sci Total Environ 566–567:1254–1267

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mrema EJ, Rubino FM, Brambilla G, Moretto A, Tsatsakis AM, Colosio C (2013) Persistent organochlorinated pesticides and mechanisms of their toxicity. Toxicology 307:74–88

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muir D, Sverko E (2006) Analytical methods for PCBs and organochlorine pesticides in environmental monitoring and surveillance: a critical appraisal. Anal Bioanal Chem 386:769–789

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oikari A (2006) Caging techniques for field exposures of fish to chemical contaminants. Aquat Toxicol 78:370–381

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perron MM, Burgess RM, Suuberg EM, Cantwell MG, Pennell KG (2013) Performance of passive samplers for monitoring estuarine water column concentrations: 1. contaminants of concern. Environ Toxicol Chem 32:2182–2189

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pesce S, Morin S, Lissalde S, Montuelle B, Mazzella N (2011) Combining polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) with toxicity testing to evaluate pesticide mixture effects on natural phototrophic biofilms. Environ Pollut 159:735–741

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Poletta GL, Larriera A, Kleinsorge E, Mudry MD (2009) Genotoxicity of the herbicide formulation Roundup® (glyphosate) in broad-snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris) evidenced by the Comet assay and the Micronucleus test. Mutat Res 672:95–102

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Regoli F, Gorbi S, Fattorini D, Tedesco S, Notti A, Machella N, Bocchetti R, Benedetti M, Piva F (2006) Use of the land snail Helix aspersa as sentinel organism for monitoring ecotoxicologic effects of urban pollution: an integrated approach. Environ Health Perspect 114:63–69

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reichenberger S, Bach M, Skitschak A, Frede HG (2007) Mitigation strategies to reduce pesticide inputs into ground and surface water and their effectiveness; a review. Sci Total Environ 384:1–35

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ricciardi F, Matozzo V, Binelli A, Marin MG (2010) Biomarker responses and contamination levels in crabs (Carcinus aestuarii) from the Lagoon of Venice: an integrated approach in biomonitoring estuarine environments. Water Res 44:1725–1736

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodrigo AP, Costa PM, Costa MH, Caeiro S (2013) Integration of sediment contamination with multi-biomarker responses in a novel potential bioindicator (Sepia officinalis) for risk assessment in impacted estuaries. Ecotoxicology 22:1538–1554

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roig B, Allan I, Mills GA, Guigues N, Greenwood R, Gonzalez C (2009) Existing and new methods for chemical and ecological status monitoring under the WFD. In: Gonzalez C, Greenwood R, Quevauviller P (Eds.) Rapid chemical and biological techniques for water monitoring.. Wiley, Chichester, UK, p 39–50

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Rondon R, Akcha F, Alonso P, Menard D, Rouxel J, Montagnani C, Mitta G, Cosseau C, Grunau C (2016) Transcriptional changes in Crassostrea gigas oyster spat following a parental exposure to the herbicide diuron. Aquat Toxicol 175:47–55

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Routti H, van Bavel B, Letcher RJ, Arukwe A, Chu S, Gabrielsen GW (2009) Concentrations, patterns and metabolites of organochlorine pesticides in relation to xenobiotic phase I and II enzyme activities in ringed seals (Phoca hispida) from Svalbard and the Baltic Sea. Environ Pollut 157:2428–2434

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schäfer RB, Caquet T, Siimes K, Mueller R, Lagadic L, Liess M (2007) Effects of pesticides on community structure and ecosystem functions in agricultural streams of three biogeographical regions in Europe. Sci Total Environ 382:272–285

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scheurell M, Franke S, Hühnerfuss H (2007) Effect-directed analysis: a powerful tool for the surveillance of aquatic systems. Int J Environ Anal Chem 87:401–413

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smalling KL, Reilly TJ, Sandstrom MW, Kuivila KM (2013a) Occurrence and persistence of fungicides in bed sediments and suspended solids from three targeted use areas in the United States. Sci Total Environ 447:179–185

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smalling KL, Kuivila KM, Orlando JL, Phillips BM, anderson BS, Siegler K, Hunta JW, Hamilton M (2013b) Environmental fate of fungicides and other current-use pesticides in a central California estuary. Mar Pollut Bull 73:144–153

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Southam AD, Lange A, Hines A, Hill EM, Katsu Y, Iguchi T, Tyler CR, Viant MR (2011) Metabolomics reveals target and off-target toxicities of a model organophosphate pesticide to roach (Rutilus rutilus): implications for biomonitoring. Environ Sci Technol 45:3759–3767

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stringer TJ, Glover CN, Keesing V, Northcott GL, Gaw S, Tremblay LA (2014) Development of acute and chronic sediment bioassays with the harpacticoid copepod Quinquelaophonte sp. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 99:82–91

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tanguy A, Boutet I, Laroche J, Moraga D (2005) Molecular identification and expression study of differentially regulated genes in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas in response to pesticide exposure. FEBS J 272:390–403

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thain JE, Vethaak AD, Hylland K (2008) Contaminants in marine ecosystems: developing an integrated indicator framework using biological-effect techniques. ICES J Mar Sci 65:1508–1514

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tuffnail W, Mills GA, Cary P, Greenwood R (2009) An environmental 1H NMR metabolomic study of the exposure of the marine mussel Mytilus edulis to atrazine, lindane, hypoxia and starvation. Environ Sci Pollut Res 5:33–43

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • USEPA (2007) Sediment Toxicity IdentificationEvaluation (TIE). Phases I, II and III. Guidance document. EPA/600/R-07/080

  • van den Berg (2009) Global status of DDT and its alternatives for use in vector control to prevent disease. Environ Health Perspect 117:1656–1663

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van der Oost R, Beyer J, Vermeulen NP (2003) Fish bioaccumulation and biomarkers in environmental risk assessment: a review. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 13:57–149

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vrana B, Allan IJ, Greenwood R, Mills GA, Dominiak E, Svensson K, Knutsson J, Morrison G (2005) Passive sampling techniques for monitoring pollutants in water. Trends Anal Chem 24:845–868

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Z, Gerstein M, Snyder M (2009) RNA-Seq: a revolutionary tool for transcriptomics. Nat Rev Genet 10:57–63

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshida S, Date Y, Akama M, Kikuchi J (2014) Comparative metabolomic and ionomic approach for abundant fishes in estuarine environments of Japan. Sci Rep 4:7005

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

Funding

The Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) is acknowledged for the funding for MARE through the strategic programme UID/MAR/04292/2013, and Unidade de Ciências Biomoleculares Aplicadas - UCIBIO which is financed by the national funds from FCT/MCTES (UID/Multi/04378/2013) and co-financed by the ERDF under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement (POCI-010145-FEDER-007728) REQUIMTE. FCT is also acknowledged for the grants SFRH/BPD/109734/2015 to M.M. and IF/00265/2015 to P.M.C. The research project GreenTech (PTDC/MAR-BIO/0113/2014), also funded by FCT, is acknowledged as well for the funding of the fellowship to N.C.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. UCIBIO - Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal

    Nagore Cuevas & Pedro M. Costa

  2. MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal

    Marta Martins

  3. UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal

    Marta Martins

Authors
  1. Nagore Cuevas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Marta Martins
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Pedro M. Costa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Pedro M. Costa.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Cuevas, N., Martins, M. & Costa, P.M. Risk assessment of pesticides in estuaries: a review addressing the persistence of an old problem in complex environments. Ecotoxicology 27, 1008–1018 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-018-1910-z

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-018-1910-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation