Skip to main content
Log in

Constructing My World: A Case Study Examining Emergent Bilingual Multimodal Composing Practices

  • Published:
Early Childhood Education Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

An extensive focus on written language in early literacy instruction and assessment for emergent bilinguals places students at a disadvantage since they are learning English as a new language. Typically, classroom instruction has a narrow view of literacy and is dominated by a focus on tested skills, with little emphasis on the diverse backgrounds and experiences of today’s students. In order to value the rich meaning-making process that emergent bilinguals bring with them to the classroom, this article explores the ways in which technology affords multimodal composing opportunities. A case of one emergent bilingual, Alon, whose home language is Tagalog, is presented to showcase his text productions as responses to children’s literature. The findings help extend an understanding of articulating meaning through talk, contributions of written language, and the importance of the visual mode. This case helps educators see the need to take into account a cohesive portrait of composing processes as a way to make sense of the strengths of emergent bilingual students in English-only classrooms.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Axelrod, Y. (2014). ‘¿Tu te acuerdas de ganchulinas?’: Longitudinal research with young emergent bilinguals. Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood, 15(2), 94–108.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barone, D., & Barone, R. (2017). Rethinking reader response with fifth graders’ semiotic interpretations. The Reading Teacher. https://doi.org/10.1002/trtr.1563.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baroutsis, A., Kervin, L., Woods, A., & Comber, B. (2019). Understanding children’s perspectives of classroom writing practices through drawing. Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood, 20(2), 177–193.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bauer, E. B., Presiado, V., & Colomer, S. (2017). Writing through partnership: Fostering translanguaging in children who are emergent bilinguals. Journal of Literacy Research. https://doi.org/10.1177/1086296X16683417.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bearne, E. (2009). Multimodality, literacy, and texts: Developing a discourse. Journal of Early Childhood Literacy, 9(2), 156–187.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bentley, D., & Souto-Manning, M. (2019). PreK stories: Playing with authorship and integrating curriculum in early childhood. New York: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clanton, B. (2016). It came in the mail. New York: Simon & Schuster.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clay, M., Gill, M., Glynn, T., McNaughton, T., & Salmon, K. (2015). Record of oral language: Observing changes in the acquisition of language structures. Australia: Scholastic Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coates, E., & Coates, A. (2006). Young children talking and drawing. International Journal of Early Years Education, 14(3), 221–241.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dagenais, D., Toohey, K., Bennett Fox, A., & Singh, A. (2017). Multilingual and multimodal composition at school: ScribJab in action. Language and Education, 31(3), 263–282.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dean, J. (2012). Pete the cat saves Christmas. New York: Harper Collins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dyson, A., & Genishi, C. (2005). On the case: Approaches to language and literacy research. New York: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dyson, A. H. (2018). From superman play to singing the blues: On the trail of child writing and popular culture. Language Arts, 96(1), 37–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flewitt, R. (2011). Bringing ethnography to a multimodal investigation of early literacy in the digital age. Qualitative Research, 11(3), 293–310.

    Google Scholar 

  • García, O., & Kleifgen, J. (2018). Educating emergent bilinguals: Policies, programs, and practices for English language learners (2nd ed.). New York: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Genishi, C., & Dyson, A. (1984). Language assessment in the early years. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gort, M. (2019). Developing bilingualism and biliteracy in early and middle childhood. Language Arts, 96(4), 229–243.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hopewell, S., & Escamilla, K. (2014). Struggling reader or emergent biliterate student? Reevaluating the criteria for labeling emergent bilingual students as low achieving. Journal of Literacy Research, 46(1), 68–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jewitt, C., Bezemer, J., & O’Halloran, K. (2016). Introducing multimodality. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kalantzis, M., & Cope, B. (2012). Literacies. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krashen, S. (2003). Explorations of language acquisition and use. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kress, G. (2011). “Partnerships in research”: Multimodality and ethnography. Qualitative Research, 11(3), 239–260.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kress, G. (2010). Multimodality: A social semiotic approach to contemporary communication. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kress, G. (1997). Before Writing: Rethinking the paths to literacy. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kress, G. R., & Bezemer, J. (2016). Multimodality, learning and communication: A social semiotic frame. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kress, G., & van Leeuwen, T. (2006). Reading images: The grammar of visual design (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuby, C., & Rucker, T. (2016). Go be a writer! Expanding the curricular boundaries of literacy learning with children. New York: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lantolf, J. (2000). Introducing sociocultural theory. In J. Lantolf (Ed.), Sociocultural theory and second language learning (pp. 1–26). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, W. (2018). Translanguaging as a practical theory. Applied Linguistics, 39(1), 9–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindfors, J. (1991). Children’s language and learning (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lotherington, H. (2011). Pedagogy of multiliteracies: Rewriting Goldilocks. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mavers, D. (2011). Children’s drawing and writing: The remarkable in the unremarkable. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mills, K. (2016). Literacy theories for the digital age: Social, critical, multimodal, spatial, material and sensory lenses. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mills, K., & Unsworth, L. (2018). iPad animations: powerful multimodal practices for adolescent literacy and emotional language. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 61(6), 609–620.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., & Hoagwood, K. (2015). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-013-0528-y.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pahl, K. (2009). Interactions, intersections and improvisations: Studying the multimodal texts and classroom talk of six-to seven-year-olds. Journal of Early Childhood Literacy, 9(2), 188–210.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pahl, K., & Rowsell, J. (2012). Literacy and education (2nd ed.). London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pantaleo, S. (2012). Meaning-making with colour in multimodal texts: An 11-year-old student's purposeful 'doing'. Literacy., 46, 147–155. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-4369.2012.00664.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pérez, B. (2004). Language, literacy, and biliteracy. In B. Pérez (Ed.), Sociocultural contexts of language and literacy (2nd ed., pp. 24–56). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rowe, D. (2012). Recent trends in research on young children’s authoring. In J. Larson & J. Marsh (Eds.), The sage handbook of early childhood literacy (2nd ed., pp. 423–447). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rowe, D. (2018). The unrealized promise of emergent writing: Reimagining the way forward for early writing instruction. Language Arts, 95(4), 229–241.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rowe, D. W., & Miller, M. E. (2016). Designing for diverse classrooms: Using iPads and digital cameras to compose eBooks with emergent bilingual/biliterate four-year-olds. Journal of Early Childhood Literacy. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468798415593622.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rowsell, J., & Harwood, D. (2015). “Let it go”: Exploring the image of the child as a producer, consumer, and inventor. Theory into Practice, 54(2), 136–146.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sakr, M., Connelly, V., & Wild, M. (2016). “Evil cats” and “jelly floods”: Young children’s collective constructions of digital art making in the early years classroom. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 30(1), 128–141.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sefton-Green, J., Marsh, J., Erstad, O., & Flewitt, R. (2016). Establishing a research agenda for the digital literacy practices of young children: A white paper for COST Action IS1410. Retrieved from https://digilitey.eu.

  • Soltero-González, L., & Reyes, I. (2012). Literacy practices and language use among Latino emergent bilingual children in preschool contexts. In E. Bauer & M. Gort (Eds.), Early biliteracy development: Exploring young learners’ use of their linguistic resources (pp. 34–54). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Souto-Manning, M., & Martell, J. (2016). Reading, writing, and talk: Inclusive teaching strategies for diverse learners, K-2. New York: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shanahan, L. E. (2013). Composing “kid-friendly” multimodal text: When conversations, instruction, and signs come together. Written Communication. https://doi.org/10.1177/0741088313480328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spradley, J. (1980). Participant observation. New York: Harcourt Brace College Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • The Governor’s Office of Student Achievement: GA School Grade Reports. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://schoolgrades.georgia.gov/.

  • van Leeuwen, T. (2005). Introducing social semiotics. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vygotsky, L. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiesner, D. (2010). Art and Max. New York: Clarion Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, C., & Lowrance-Faulhaber, E. (2018). Writing in young bilingual children: A review of research. Journal of Second Language Writing, 42, 58–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wong Fillmore, L. (1991). Second-language learning in children: A model of language learning in context. In E. Bialystok (Ed.), Language processing in bilingual children (pp. 49–69). New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zapata, A., & Van Horn, S. (2017). “Because I’m smooth”: Material intra-action and text productions among young Latino picture book makers. Research in the Teaching of English, 51(5), 290–315.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

The authors would like to acknowledge funding from the Georgia Southern University College of Education Faculty Seed Grant.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sally Brown.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Online Appendix (DOCX 24 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Brown, S., Allmond, A. Constructing My World: A Case Study Examining Emergent Bilingual Multimodal Composing Practices. Early Childhood Educ J 49, 209–221 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-020-01062-4

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-020-01062-4

Keywords

Navigation