Skip to main content
Log in

Understanding Nonsocial Play in Early Childhood

  • Published:
Early Childhood Education Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Nonsocial play continues to be perceived as a behavior that is detrimental young children’s development. The research evidence in this area is mixed but lends itself to a more positive view of nonsocial play. Despite the substantial amount of literature available, the terminology used fails to be consistent and may prove to be distracting and confusing to practitioners and caregivers. This paper reviews the current literature on young children’s nonsocial play. Distinctions among different types of nonsocial play are identified, as well as some reasons children engage in these activities. By developing a better understanding of the role of nonsocial play in early childhood, caregivers may better understand when children need their help in promoting more social types of play and when intervention may or may not be necessary.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Asendorpf J., (1990). Beyond social withdrawal: shyness, unsociability, and peer avoidance. Human Development 33:250–259

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bakeman R., Brownlee J., (1980). The strategic use of parallel play: A sequential analysis. Child Development 51(3):873–878

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burger J., (1995). Individual differences in preference for solitude Journal of Research in Personality 29:85–108

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buss A., Plomin R., (1984). Temperament: Early developing personality traits Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, Hillsdale, NJ

    Google Scholar 

  • Coplan R., Rubin K., Fox N., Calkins S., Stewart S., (1994). Being alone, playing alone, and acting alone: Distinguishing among reticence and passive and active solitude in young children Child Development 65:129–137

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dodge K., Coie J., Brakke N., (1982). Behavior patterns of socially rejected and neglected preadolescents: The role of social approach and aggression Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 10(3):389–410

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eisenberg N., Fabes R., (1992). Emotion, regulation, and the development of social competence In: Clark M. S. (eds) Emotion and social behavior. Sage, Newbury Park, CA, pp. 119–150

    Google Scholar 

  • Fabes, R., Gaertner, B., & Popp, T. Getting along with others: Social competence in early childhood. In D. Phillips & K MacCartney (Eds.), Handbook of early development. New York: Wiley. (in press)

  • Graham S., Hoehn S., (1995). Children’s understanding of aggression and withdrawal as social stigmas: An attributional analysis Child Development 66(4):1143–1161

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gunnar M., Sebanc A., Tout K., Donzella B., Van Dulmen M. M., (2003). Peer rejection, temperament, and cortisol activity in preschoolers Developmental Psychobiology 43(4):346–358

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harper L., Huie K., (1985). The effects of prior group experience, age, and familiarity on the quality and organization of preschoolers’ social relationships Child Development 56:704–717

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrist A., Zaia A., Bates J., Dodge K., Pettit G., (1997). Subtypes of social withdrawal in early childhood: Sociometric status and social-cognitive differences across four years Child Development 68(2):278–294

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hay D., Payne A., Chadwick A., (2004). Peer relations in Childhood Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines 45(2):84–108

    Google Scholar 

  • Henninger M., (1994). Adult perceptions of favorite childhood play experiences Early Child Development and Care 93:23–30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kagan J., Reznick S., Snidman N., (1988). Biological bases of childhood shyness Science 240:167–171

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Katz J., Buchholz E., (1999). “I did it myself”: The necessity of solo play for preschoolers Early Child Development and Care 155:39–50

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Larson R., (1990). The solitary side of life: An examination of the time people spend alone from childhood to old age Developmental Review 10:155–183

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lloyd B., Howe N., (2003). Solitary play and convergent and divergent thinking skills in preschool children Early Childhood Research Quarterly 18:22–41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lyytinen P., (1991). Peer interaction in children’s dyadic play Early childhood Development and Care 71:105–115

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McElwain N., Olson S., Volling B., (2002). Concurrent and longitudinal associations among preschool boys’ conflict management, disruptive behavior, and peer rejection Early Education and Development 13(3):245–263

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Molina, M., Coplan, R., & Wichmann, C. (April, 1999). Nonsocial play in the kindergarten classroom: Gender differences in relations with adjustment. Poster presented at the Society for Research in Child Development Conference in Albuquerque, NM

  • Moore N., Evertson C., Brophy J., (1974). Solitary play: Some functional reconsiderations Developmental Psychology 10(6):830–834

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parker J., Asher S., (1987). Peer relations and later personal adjustment: Are low-accepted children at risk?Psychological Bulletin 102(3):357–389

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Parten M., (1932). Social participation among pre-school childrenJournal of Abnormal & Social Psychology 27:243–269

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roper R., Hinde R., (1978). Social behavior in a play group: Consistency and complexityChild Development 49:570–579

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rubin K., (1982). Nonsocial play in preschoolers: Necessarily evil?Child Development 53:651–657

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rubin K., Bukowski W., Parker J., (1998). Peer interactions, relationships and groups In: Dunn W., Lerner R. (eds) Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 1. Theoretical models of human development (5th ed.). Wiley, New York, pp. 619–700

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubin K., Coplan R., (1992). Peer relationships in childhood In: Bornstein M., Lamb M. (eds) Developmental psychology: An advanced textbook (3rd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Hillsdale, NJ, pp. 519–578

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubin K., Maloni T., Homug M., (1976). Free play behaviors in middle and lower-class preschoolers: Parten and Piaget revisited Child Development 47:414–419

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith P., (1978). A longitudinal study of social participation in preschool children: Solitary and parallel play reexamined Developmental Psychology, 14:517–523

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strom R., (1976). The merits of solitary play Childhood Education 52(3):149–152

    Google Scholar 

  • Younger A., Boyko K., (1987). Aggression and withdrawal as social schemas underlying children’s peer perceptions Child Development 58:1094–1100

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Younger A., Daniels T., (1992). Children’s reasons for nominating their peers as withdrawn: Passive withdrawal versus active isolation Developmental Psychology 28(5):955–960

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alicia J. Luckey.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Luckey, A.J., Fabes, R. Understanding Nonsocial Play in Early Childhood. Early Childhood Educ J 33, 67–72 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-006-0054-6

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-006-0054-6

Keywords:

Navigation