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Divergent skull morphology between trophic separated lacustrine forms of Dolly Varden charr from Lake Kronotskoe, Kamchatka, Russia

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Abstract

Trophic morphology divergence between two forms of Dolly Varden Salvelinus malma from Lake Kronotskoe (Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia): Salvelinus albus (omnivorous form) and Salvelinus schmidti (benthivorous form) was studied using the skull bone’s qualitative and measurable attributes. The strongest morphological differences between these two charr forms were associated with the jaw bone structures (i.e. premaxilla, maxilla, angulo-articular and dentary bones). There was an abrupt shift in bone structures with increasing body length in both morphs. S. albus of body length less than 350 mm had wider dentary, maxilla and angulo-articular bones than individuals of similar sized S. schmidti. In contrast, large (>350 mm) individuals of S. albus had narrower bone structures than individuals of S. schmidti. This divergent pattern of the bone structures in the jaws is closely linked with their different trophic niches measured by the contence of stable isotope (δ 13C, δ 15N) values in the tissues. S. albus have a narrow, long jaw bones and a terminal mouth and occupy an omnivorous niche with clear ontogenetic niche-shifts (i.e. benthivore and piscivore) by increasing in size. In contrast, S. schmidti have short jaw bones and a low mouth; also S. schmidti is exclusively benthivores through their entire ontogeny. These trophic traits indicate clear divergence between two lacustrine forms, which occupy different trophic niches but, at the same time, are not completely reproductively isolated.

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Acknowledgments

This work was conducted with the approval of ethics committee of Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University and carried out with the financial support of The Russian Foundation for Basic Research, projects 12-04-01358-а and Federal Project 1.5 № 8818 dated 14.11.2012. We give thanks to the staff and specialists from Kronotsky State Natural Biosphere Reserve and Biological Faculty of Lomonosov State University for the help in collecting the material for this article. Also we wish to thank R. Knudsen and M. Simonsen from the University of Tromsø (Norway) and K. O’Connor from the University of Otago (New Zealand) for discussion and help in preparing the article.

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  1. Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119991, Moscow, Russia

    E. Saltykova, G. Markevich & K. Kuzishchin

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  1. E. Saltykova
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  2. G. Markevich
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Correspondence to E. Saltykova.

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Saltykova, E., Markevich, G. & Kuzishchin, K. Divergent skull morphology between trophic separated lacustrine forms of Dolly Varden charr from Lake Kronotskoe, Kamchatka, Russia. Environ Biol Fish 98, 559–570 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-014-0287-y

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