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Population genetic structure, diversity and stocking effect of the oriental weatherloach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) in an isolated island

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Abstract

Genetic endemism of island organisms and the threat to such organisms provided by artificially introduced genes are aspects of major interest in evolutionary and conservation studies of fishes. In this paper the genetic population structure of the oriental weatherloach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, in Sado Island of Japan was elucidated by phylogeographic analysis based on partial mitochondrial control region sequences. The specimens were sampled at 62 sites in Sado Island and 14 sites on the mainland close to the island. We found various haplotypes of different origins, most of which had already been reported from the mainland and other places of Japan. This suggests that the loach has been historically introduced to the island from various regions of Japan. Of the 62 sites on the island, cultured/nonnative individuals were confirmed to have been stocked at eight specific sites for feeding of re-introduced Japanese crested ibis (Nipponia nippon). By a Mantel test, geographical and genetic distances were not significantly correlated among the local populations in Sado Island. However a significant correlation was found when the eight stocked local populations were excluded from the analysis. This implied that the genetic distribution pattern of the loach on the island has been disturbed by the stocking. In addition, the nucleotide diversity values of stocked local populations were significantly higher than those of other local populations, also a likely outcome of the stocking. In conclusion, the loach on the island likely had their origins in multiple historical introductions and colonizations, where more recent stocking for the ibis has caused further genetic disturbance to their local populations.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful for assistance provided by S. Ikematsu, J. Nakajima, M. Sato, W. Tanaka and T. Yamashita. This work was supported by the Global Environment Research Fund of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan (Subject No. F-072, representative: Y. Shimatani), Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists B of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Subject No. 19710027, representative: Y. Kawaguchi), Global COE Programs (Center of excellence for Asian conservation ecology as a basis of human-nature mutualism, representative: T. Yahara; and Formation of a Strategic Base for Biodiversity and Evolutionary Research: from Genome to Ecosystem, representative: K. Agata, Kyoto University), MEXT, Japan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan

    Yuichi Kano & Yukihiro Shimatani

  2. Department of Zoology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan

    Katsutoshi Watanabe & Ryo Kakioka

  3. Department of Biodiversity Sciences, Graduate School of Social and Cultural Studies, Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan

    Shin Nishida

  4. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan

    Chris Wood

  5. College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 338 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China

    Chris Wood

  6. Laboratory of Ecosystem Management, Division of Ecosystem Design, Institute of Technology and Science, The University of Tokushima, 2-1 Minami-Josanjima, Tokushima, 770-8506, Japan

    Yôichi Kawaguchi

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  1. Yuichi Kano
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Correspondence to Yuichi Kano.

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Kano, Y., Watanabe, K., Nishida, S. et al. Population genetic structure, diversity and stocking effect of the oriental weatherloach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) in an isolated island. Environ Biol Fish 90, 211–222 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-010-9733-7

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