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Effects of Temperature and Body Size on the Swimming Speed of Larval and Juvenile Atlantic Cod (Gadus Morhua): Implications for Individual-based Modelling

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The routine swimming speed (S) of three groups of 4, 9 and 32 cm total length (L T) juvenile cod (Gadus morhua) was quantified in the laboratory at 6 – 10 different temperatures (T) between 3.2 and 16.7°C. At temperatures between 5 and 15°C, mean group S increased exponentially with increasing T (S=a e bT) and the effect of temperature (b = 0.082, Q 10 = 2.27) was not significantly different among the groups (over the 8-fold difference in fish sizes of early- and post-settlement juveniles). Differences in mean S among individuals within each group were quite large (coefficient of variation = 40 – 80%). Swimming data for juveniles and those collected for groups of 0.4, 0.7 and 0.9 cm standard length (L S) larvae were combined to assess the effect of body size on S. At 8°C, S (mm s−1) increased with L S (mm) according to: S = 0.26L ΦS −5.28L −1S , where Φ = 1.55L −0.08S . Relative S (body lengths s−1) was related to L S by a dome-shaped relationship having a maximum value (0.49 body lengths s−1) at 18.5 – 19 mm L S corresponding to the sizes of fish at the end of larval-juvenile metamorphosis. Previous larval cod IBM’s using a cruise-predator mode likely overestimated rates of foraging (prey searching and encounters) by a factor of ~2, whereas foraging rates in pause-travel models are closer to estimates of swimming velocities obtained in this and other laboratory studies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, 02882, USA

    Myron A. Peck

  2. URI/NOAA CMER Program, Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, 02882, USA

    Lawrence J. Buckley

  3. Department of Fisheries, Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA

    David A. Bengtson

  4. Institute for Hydrobiology and Fisheries Science, University of Hamburg, Olbersweg 24, 22767, Hamburg, Germany

    Myron A. Peck

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  1. Myron A. Peck
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  2. Lawrence J. Buckley
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Correspondence to Myron A. Peck.

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Peck, M.A., Buckley, L.J. & Bengtson, D.A. Effects of Temperature and Body Size on the Swimming Speed of Larval and Juvenile Atlantic Cod (Gadus Morhua): Implications for Individual-based Modelling. Environ Biol Fish 75, 419–429 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-006-0031-3

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