References
Becq A, Urien S, Barret M, et al. Epinephrine dose has a preventive effect on the occurrence of stress ulcer-induced gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill patients. Dig Dis Sci. 2018;63:2687–2694.
Levy B, Clere-Jehl R, Legras A, et al. Epinephrine versus norepinephrine for cardiogenic shock after acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72:173–182.
Joannidis M, Druml W, Forni LG, et al. Prevention of acute kidney injury and protection of renal function in the intensive care unit: update 2017: expert opinion of the Working Group on Prevention, AKI section, European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Intensive Care Med. 2017;43:730–749.
Shiao CC, Wu PC, Huang TM, et al. Long-term remote organ consequences following acute kidney injury. Crit Care. 2015;19:438.
Perkins GD, Ji C, Deakin CD, et al. A randomized trial of epinephrine in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:711–721.
Lafont E, Urien S, Salem JE, Heming N, Faisy C. Modeling for critically ill patients: an introduction for beginners. J Crit Care. 2015;30(6):1287–1294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2015.09.002.
Cook DJ, Fuller HD, Guyatt GH, et al. Risk factors for gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill patients. Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. N Engl J Med. 1994;330:377–381.
Spirt MJ. Stress-related mucosal disease: risk factors and prophylactic therapy. Clin Ther. 2004;26:197–213.
Funding
This work was supported by NSFC Grants (91539118, 81611130092) to C.L., NSFC Grant (81770352) to R.D., NSFC Grant (81473445) to ZG. W., CSC (201703170134) to Y.C., Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader (17XD1405000), Program for Outstanding Medical Academic Leader (LJRC2015-21), and Shanghai Pilot project for clinical collaboration between TCM and Western Medicine (ZY 2018-2020-FWTX-1102) to C.L.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shi, S., Lin, Y., Ding, R. et al. Preventive Effects of Epinephrine for Critically Ill Patients? More Questions Waiting to Be Answered. Dig Dis Sci 64, 283–284 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-018-5386-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-018-5386-8