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Role of the Circadian Clock in the Metabolic Syndrome and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

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Abstract

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in industrialized nations and is strongly associated with the metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of NAFLD continues to rise along with the epidemic of the metabolic syndrome. Metabolic homeostasis is linked to the circadian clock (rhythm), with multiple signaling pathways in organs regulated by circadian clock genes, and recent studies of circadian clock gene functions suggest that disruption of the circadian rhythm is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, including the metabolic syndrome. In the industrialized world, various human behaviors and activities such as work and eating patterns, jet lag, and sleep deprivation interfere with the circadian rhythm, leading to perturbations in metabolism and development of the metabolic syndrome. In this review, we discuss how disruption of the circadian rhythm is associated with various metabolic conditions that comprise the metabolic syndrome and NAFLD.

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Acknowledgments

Figures were created with “Biological illustration” (http://smart.servier.com) by Servier, used under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License, and modified by Akshay Shetty and Paul Manka.

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Resources were provided by the Ralph H Johnson VAMC, Charleston, South Carolina.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA

    Akshay Shetty, Jennifer W. Hsu & Wing-Kin Syn

  2. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany

    Paul P. Manka

  3. Section of Gastroenterology, Ralph H Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, USA

    Wing-Kin Syn

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Shetty, A., Hsu, J.W., Manka, P.P. et al. Role of the Circadian Clock in the Metabolic Syndrome and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Dig Dis Sci 63, 3187–3206 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-018-5242-x

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