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Two genetic divergence centers revealed by chloroplastic DNA variation in populations of Cinnamomum kanehirae Hay

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Abstract

Cinnamomum kanehirae Hayata (Lauraceae), the most valuable subtropical and temperate broadleaf timber tree in Taiwan, is rapidly disappearing from the wild. Taking advantage of a scion garden established by the Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, we examined patterns of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) variations in 19 populations including 94 individuals. By sequencing two cpDNA fragments using universal primers (the trnL-trnF and petG-trnP intergenic spacers), we found eight polymorphic sites, six haplotypes, and extremely low nucleotide diversity (π = 0.00016) from 792 bp aligned sequences. The ancestral haplotype is widely distributed. Among the populations studied, three separated populations, at Yungfeng, Fuli, and Tahu have high nucleotide diversity. No phylogeographical structures of haplotypes were revealed because the tests of NST−GST for populations did not differ from zero in any situations; a ‘star-like’ genealogy is characteristic when all haplotypes rapidly coalesce and is a general outcome of population expansion. The neutrality test also suggested demographic expansion. The genetic divergence and diversity analyses suggested that two potential refugia existed during the last glaciation with a major one located in southeastern Taiwan and a minor one located in Tahu in north-central Taiwan in the Hsuehshan Range, west of the Central Mountain Range.

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Acknowledgments

This investigation was funded by the Council of Agriculture (grant number 95AS-12.3.1-FB-e1), Executive Yuan, Taiwan to Shih-Ying Hwang. The authors acknowledge the assistance of the Taiwan Forestry Research Institute in providing the materials of Cinnamomum kanehirae growing in a scion garden at the Liukuei Research Center.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, ROC

    Dai-Chang Kuo & Tsan-Piao Lin

  2. Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, 11114, Taiwan, ROC

    Chia-Chia Lin

  3. Department of Life Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, ROC

    Kuo-Chieh Ho

  4. Division of Forest Biology, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei, 10066, Taiwan, ROC

    Yu-Pin Cheng

  5. Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan, ROC

    Shih-Ying Hwang

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  1. Dai-Chang Kuo
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  2. Chia-Chia Lin
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  3. Kuo-Chieh Ho
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  4. Yu-Pin Cheng
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  5. Shih-Ying Hwang
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  6. Tsan-Piao Lin
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Correspondence to Shih-Ying Hwang or Tsan-Piao Lin.

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Kuo, DC., Lin, CC., Ho, KC. et al. Two genetic divergence centers revealed by chloroplastic DNA variation in populations of Cinnamomum kanehirae Hay. Conserv Genet 11, 803–812 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-009-9901-5

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