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Matrix detachment and proteasomal inhibitors diminish Sulf-2 expression in breast cancer cell lines and mouse xenografts

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Abstract

Sulfatase 2 (Sulf-2) has been previously shown to be upregulated in breast cancer. Sulf-2 removes sulfate moieties on heparan sulfate proteoglycans which in turn modulate heparin binding growth factor signaling. Here we report that matrix detachment resulted in decreased Sulf-2 expression in breast cancer cells and increased cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase. Silencing of Sulf-2 promotes matrix detachment induced cell death in MCF10DCIS cells. In an attempt to identify Sulf-2 specific inhibitor, we found that proteasomal inhibitors such as MG132, Lactacystin and Bortezomib treatment abolished Sulf-2 expression in multiple breast cancer cell lines. Additionally, we show that Bortezomib treatment of MCF10DCIS cell xenografts in mouse mammary fat pads significantly reduced tumor size, caused massive apoptosis and more importantly reduced Sulf-2 levels in vivo. Finally, our immunohistochemistry analysis of Sulf-2 expression in cohort of patient derived breast tumors indicates that Sulf-2 is significantly upregulated in autologous metastatic lesions compared to primary tumors (p < 0.037, Pearson correlation, Chi-Square analysis). In all, our data suggest that Sulf-2 might play an important role in breast cancer progression from ductal carcinoma in situ into an invasive ductal carcinoma potentially by resisting cell death.

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Abbreviations

Sulf-2:

Sulfatase 2

MMP:

Matrix metalloproteases

FGF2:

Fibroblast growth factor 2

HSPGs:

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans

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Acknowledgments

We thank members of Shridhar’s lab for insightful discussions. This work was supported by grants from the NCI, National Institutes of Health (CA106954-04), the Mayo Clinic (to VS) and the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) grant funded by the Korea government (MEST 2011-0006220).

Conflict of interest

Authors do not have any conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street, S.W., 2-46 Stabile, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA

    Ashwani Khurana, Xiaoping He, Robert C. Busby & Viji Shridhar

  2. College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea

    Deok Jung-Beom & Sung-Hoon Kim

  3. Department of Surgery “A”, Second Faculty of Medicine, “La Sapienza” University, Rome, Italy

    Laura Lorenzon

  4. Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy

    Massimo Villa

  5. Section of Oncology, Campus BioMedico University, Rome, Italy

    Alfonso Baldi

  6. Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA

    Julian Molina & Matthew P. Goetz

Authors
  1. Ashwani Khurana
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  2. Deok Jung-Beom
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  3. Xiaoping He
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  4. Sung-Hoon Kim
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  5. Robert C. Busby
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  6. Laura Lorenzon
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  7. Massimo Villa
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  8. Alfonso Baldi
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  9. Julian Molina
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  10. Matthew P. Goetz
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  11. Viji Shridhar
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Correspondence to Viji Shridhar.

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Khurana, A., Jung-Beom, D., He, X. et al. Matrix detachment and proteasomal inhibitors diminish Sulf-2 expression in breast cancer cell lines and mouse xenografts. Clin Exp Metastasis 30, 407–415 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10585-012-9546-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10585-012-9546-5

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