Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Characteristics of DSM-IV Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Combined and Predominantly Inattentive Subtypes in a Turkish Clinical Sample

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Child Psychiatry & Human Development Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Consecutively referred subjects (N = 537) to an outpatient clinic were evaluated to compare the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Combined (ADHD-C) and predominantly inattentive (ADHD-PI) subtypes using parent and teacher ratings and neuropsychological variables. Statistical significance was at P < 0.002 adjusted for multiple comparisons. ADHD-PI subjects were older, more likely to be female, higher socioeconomic status, had lower Child Behavior Checklist and Teacher Report Form Aggression, Delinquency and Social Problems scores, and higher Withdrawal and Competence scores, compared to ADHD-C subjects. Comorbid conduct problems were more common among ADHD-C subjects. There were no differences in terms of anxiety/depression, and neuropsychological measures. The study is unique in that it provides data on a broad range of measures from a middle income developing country with important confirmation of similar pattern of differences and similarities between ADHD-C and ADHD-PI subtypes previously reported in North American and Western European samples.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Lahey BB, Pelham WE, Loney J, Lee SS, Willcutt E (2005) Instability of the DSM-IV subtypes of ADHD from preschool through elementary school. Arch Gen Psychiatry 62:896–902

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Crystal DS, Ostrander R, Chen RS, August GJ (2001) Multimethod assessment of psychopathology among DSM-IV subtypes of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: self, parent and teacher reports. J Abnorm Child Psychol 29:189–205

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Connor DF, Chartier KG, Preen EC, Kaplan RF (2010) Impulsive aggression in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: symptom severity, co-morbidity, and attention deficit hyperactivity subtype. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 20:119–126

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Lahey BB, Willcutt EG (2002) Validity of the diagnosis and dimensions of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. In: Jensen PJ, Cooper JR (eds) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Civil Research Institute, Kingston, pp 1–23

    Google Scholar 

  5. Eiraldi RB, Power TJ, Nezu CM (1997) Patterns of comorbidity associated with subtypes of attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder among 6 to 12-year-old children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 36:503–514

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Faraone SV, Biederman J, Weber W, Russell RL (1998) Psychiatric, neuropsychological, and psychosocial features of DSM-IV subtypes of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: results from a clinically referred sample. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 37:185–193

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Baeyens D, Roeyers H, Walle JH (2006) Subtypes of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): distinct or related disorders across measurement levels? Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 36:403–417

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Maedgen JW, Carlson CL (2000) Social functioning and emotional regulation in the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder subtypes. J Clin Child Psychol 29:30–42

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Biederman J, Mick E, Faraone SV, Braaten E, Doyle A, Spencer T et al (2002) Influence of gender on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children referred to a psychiatric clinic. Am J Psychiatry 159:36–42

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Grizenko N, Paci M, Joober R (2010) Is the inattentive subtype of ADHD different from the combined/hyperactivity subtype? J Atten Disord 13:649–657

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. McBurnett K, Pfiffner LJ, Willcutt E, Tamm L, Lerner M, Ottolini YL et al (1999) Experimental cross-validation of DSM-IV types of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 38:17–24

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Weiss M, Worling D, Wasdell M (2003) A chart review study of the inattentive and combined types of ADHD. J Atten Disord 7:1–9

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Solanto M, Pope-Boyd S, Tryon W, Stepak B (2009) Social functioning in predominantly inattentive and combined subtypes of children with ADHD. J Atten Disord 13:107–116

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Barkley RA (1998) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Handbook for diagnosis and treatment. Guilford Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  15. Skirbekk B, Hansen BH, Oerbeck B, Kristensen H (2011) The relationship between sluggish cognitive tempo, subtypes of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and anxiety disorders. J Abnorm Child Psychol 39:513–525

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Pasini A, Paloscia C, Alessandrelli R, Porfirio MC, Curatolo P (2007) Attention and executive functions profile in drug naive ADHD subtypes. Brain Dev 29:400–408

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. O’Driscoll GA, Dépatie L, Holahan AL, Savion-Lemieux T, Barr RG, Jolicoeur C et al (2005) Executive functions and methylphenidate response in subtypes of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry 57(11):1452–1460

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Alyahri A, Goodman R (2008) The prevalence of DSM-IV psychiatric disorders among 7–10 year old Yemeni schoolchildren. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 43:224–230

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Eapen V, al-Gazali L, Bin-Othman S, Abou-Saleh M (1998) Mental health problems among schoolchildren in United Arab Emirates: prevalence and risk factors. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 37:880–886

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Al-Sharbati M, Al-Adawi S, Ganguly S, Al-Lawatiya S, Al-Mshefri F (2008) Hyperactivity in a sample of Omani schoolboys. J Atten Disord 12:264–269

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Amiri S, Fakhari A, Maheri M, Mohammadpoor AA (2010) Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in primary school children of Tabriz, North-West Iran. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 24:597–601

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. La-Haidar FA (2003) Comorbidity and treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Saudi Arabia. East Medit Health J 9:988–995

    Google Scholar 

  23. Erol N, Simsek Z, Oner O, Munir KM (2008) Epidemiology of attention problems among Turkish children and adolescents: a national study. J Atten Disord 11:538–545

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Kaufman J, Birmaher B, Brent D, Rao U, Flynn C, Moreci P et al (1997) Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children-present and lifetime version (K-SADS-PL): initial reliability and validity data. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 36(7):980–988

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Gökler B, Ünal F, Pehlivantürk B, Kültür EÇ, Akdemir D, Taner Y (2004) Okul çağı çocukları için duygulanım bozuklukları ve şizofreni görüşme çizelgesi—şimdi ve yaşam boyu versiyonu—Türkçe versiyonu’nun (ÇDŞG-ŞY-T) geçerlilik ve güvenirliği. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi 11(3):109–116

    Google Scholar 

  26. Achenbach TM, Edelbrock C (1983) Manual for the child behavior checklist/4–18 and revised child behavior profile. University of Vermont, Burlington VT

    Google Scholar 

  27. Erol N, Şimsek Z (1998) Çocuk ve Gençlerde Ruh Sağlığı: Yeterlik Alanları, Davranış ve Duygusal Sorunların Dağılımı. In: Erol N, Kılıç C,Ulusoy M, Keçeçi M, Şimsek Z (eds) Türkiye Ruh Sağlığı Profili Raporu. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Temel Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü, Eksen Tanıtım Ltd. Şti. Ankara pp 25–75

  28. Achenbach TM (1991) Manual for The teacher’s report form and 1991 profile. University of Vermont, Burlington V

    Google Scholar 

  29. Erol N, Şimsek Z (2000) Mental health of Turkish children: behavioral and emotional problems reported by parents, teachers and adolescents. In: Singh N, Leung JP, Singh AN (eds) International perspectives on child and adolescent mental health. Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford, pp 223–247

  30. Savaşır I, Şahin N (1978) WISC uyarlama çalışmaları ön rapor -I. Turkish J Psychol 1:33

    Google Scholar 

  31. Reynolds CR (2002) Comprehensive trail making test. Pro-Ed, Austin, TX

    Google Scholar 

  32. Chiang M, Gau SSF (2008) Validation of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder subtypes among Taiwanese children using neuropsychological functioning. Aust NZ J Psychiatry 42:526–535

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Fischer M, Barkley RA, Fletcher KE, Smallish L (1993) The stability of dimensions of behavior in ADHD and normal children over an 8-year follow-up. J Abnorm Child Psychol 21:315–337

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. American Psychiatric Association (2011) DSM-5 development: A 10. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. http://www.dsm5.org/ProposedRevisions/Pages/proposedrevision.aspx?rid=383#

Download references

Acknowledgments

Ozgur and Pinar Oner were supported by NIH Fogarty International MHDD Research Training Program (D43TW05807) at Children’s Hospital, Boston.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dr Sami Ulus Childrens’ Hospital, Telsizler, Ankara, Turkey

    Ozgur Oner, Pinar Oner & Esra Cop

  2. Department of General Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

    Ozgur Oner & Kerim M. Munir

  3. Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Kerim M. Munir

Authors
  1. Ozgur Oner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Pinar Oner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Esra Cop
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Kerim M. Munir
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ozgur Oner.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Oner, O., Oner, P., Cop, E. et al. Characteristics of DSM-IV Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Combined and Predominantly Inattentive Subtypes in a Turkish Clinical Sample. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 43, 523–532 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-012-0281-6

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-012-0281-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation