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Regional Changes in Gene Expression after Limbic Kindling

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Abstract

Repeated electrical stimulation results in development of seizures and a permanent increase in seizure susceptibility (kindling). The permanence of kindling suggests that chronic changes in gene expression are involved. Kindling at different sites produces specific effects on interictal behaviors such as spatial cognition and anxiety, suggesting that causal changes in gene expression might be restricted to the stimulated site. We employed focused microarray analysis to characterize changes in gene expression associated with amygdaloid and hippocampal kindling. Male Long-Evans rats received 1 s trains of electrical stimulation to either the amygdala or hippocampus once daily until five generalized seizures had been kindled. Yoked control rats carried electrodes but were not stimulated. Rats were euthanized 14 days after the last seizures, both amygdala and hippocampus dissected, and transcriptome profiles compared. Of the 1,200 rat brain-associated genes evaluated, 39 genes exhibited statistically significant expression differences between the kindled and non-kindled amygdala and 106 genes exhibited statistically significant differences between the kindled and non-kindled hippocampus. In the amygdala, subsequent ontological analyses using the GOMiner algorithm demonstrated significant enrichment in categories related to cytoskeletal reorganization and cation transport, as well as in gene families related to synaptic transmission and neurogenesis. In the hippocampus, significant enrichment in gene expression within categories related to cytoskeletal reorganization and cation transport was similarly observed. Furthermore, unique to the hippocampus, enrichment in transcription factor activity and GTPase-mediated signal transduction was identified. Overall, these data identify specific and unique neurochemical pathways chronically altered following kindling in the two sites, and provide a platform for defining the molecular basis for the differential behaviors observed in the interictal period.

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Acknowledgments

This work is supported in part by grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (to MEC) and The Falk Foundation, Chicago, IL, (to JRM). We thank Joanne Sitarski, Ken Wolfe, Nigel Otto, and Mary Schmidt for expert technical assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neural Systems and Plasticity Research Group and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 342-111 Research Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 3R2, Canada

    M. E. Corcoran

  2. Falk Center for Molecular Therapeutics, Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 1801 Maple Ave, Suite 4306, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA

    R. A. Kroes, J. S. Burgdorf & J. R. Moskal

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  1. M. E. Corcoran
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  2. R. A. Kroes
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  3. J. S. Burgdorf
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  4. J. R. Moskal
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Correspondence to J. R. Moskal.

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Corcoran, M.E., Kroes, R.A., Burgdorf, J.S. et al. Regional Changes in Gene Expression after Limbic Kindling. Cell Mol Neurobiol 31, 819–834 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-011-9672-7

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