Abstract
Brewer’s spent grain (BSG) was evaluated for bleached pulp production. Two cellulose pulps with different chemical compositions were produced by soda pulping: one from the original raw material and the other from material pretreated by dilute acid. Both of them were bleached by a totally chlorine-free sequence performed in three stages, using 5% hydrogen peroxide in the two initial, and a 0.25 N NaOH solution in the last one. Chemical composition, kappa number, viscosity, brightness and yield of bleached and unbleached pulps were evaluated. The high hemicellulose (28.4% w/w) and extractives (5.8% w/w) contents in original BSG affected the pulping and bleaching processes. However, soda pulping of acid pretreated BSG gave a cellulose-rich pulp (90.4% w/w) with low hemicellulose and extractives contents (7.9% w/w and <3.4% w/w, respectively), which was easily bleached achieving a kappa number of 11.21, viscosity of 3.12 cp, brightness of 71.3%, cellulose content of 95.7% w/w, and residual lignin of 3.4% w/w. Alkaline and oxidative delignification of acid pretreated BSG was found as an attractive approach for producing high-purity, chlorine-free cellulose pulp.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abrantes S, Amaral E, Costa AP, Shatalov AA, Duarte AP (2007) Hydrogen peroxide bleaching of Arundo donax L. kraft-anthraquinone pulp—Effect of a chelating stage. Ind Crop Prod 25:288–293
Argyropoulos DS, Ahvazi BC, Pageau G, Liu Y (1999) Understanding lignin condensation reactions during pulping and oxygen delignification. In: Proceedings of the 6th Brazilian Symposium on the Chemistry of Lignins and Other Wood Components. Guaratinguetá, SP, Brazil, pp 159–166
Baudel HM, Zaror C, Abreu CAM (2005) Improving the value of sugarcane bagasse wastes via integrated chemical production systems: an environmentally friendly approach. Ind Crop Prod 21:309–315
Bianchi ML, Crisol R, Scuchardt U (1999) Bleaching of commercial pulps with H2O2 catalyzed by heteropolyacids. Bioresour Technol 68:17–21
Brooks RE, Moore SB (2000) Alkaline hydrogen peroxide bleaching of cellulose. Cellulose 7:263–286
Browning BL (1967) Methods of wood chemistry. John Wiley & Sons, New York
Chen C, Baucher M, Christensen JH, Boerjan W (2001) Biotechnology in trees: towards improved paper pulping by lignin engineering. Euphytica 118:185–195
D'Almeida MLO (1988) Celulose e Papel—Tecnologia de fabricação de pasta celulósica, 2nd edn, vol 1, Senai/IPT, São Paulo, p 559
Fardim P, Durán N (2005) Effects of kraft pulping on the interfacial properties of Eucalyptus pulp fibres. J Braz Chem Soc 16:915–921
Fengel D, Wegener G (1989) Wood. Chemistry, ultrastructure, reactions. Walter de Gruyter, New York
Fortuny A, Font J, Fabregat A (1998) Wet air oxidation of phenol using active carbon as catalyst. Appl Catal B-Environ 19:165–173
Gellerstedt G (2001) The pulping of wood. A chemical challenge. In: Proceedings of the 7th Brazilian Symposium on the Chemistry of Lignins and Other Wood Components. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, pp 79–90
Grace TM, Leopold B, Malcolm EW (1996) Chemical reactions of wood constituents. In: Kocurek MJ (ed) Pulp and paper manufacture: alkaline pulping, vol 5, pp 23–44. The Joint Textbook Committee of the Paper Industry/Tappi/CPPA, Atlanta, GA
Khristova P, Kordsachia O, Khider T (2005) Alkaline pulping with additives of date palm rachis and leaves from Sudan. Bioresour Technol 96:79–85
Kuhad RC, Singh A (1993) Lignocellulose biotechnology: current and future prospects. Crit Rev Biotechnol 13:151–172
Lapierre L, Berry R, Bouchard J (2003) The effect of magnesium ions and chelants on peroxide bleaching. Holzforschung 57:627–633
Lima DU, Oliveira RC, Buckeridge MS (2003) Seed storage hemicelluloses as wet-end additives in papermaking. Carbohyd Polym 52:367–373
López F, Ariza J, Eugenio ME, Díaz J, Pérez I, Jiménez L (2001) Pulping and bleaching of pulp from olive tree residues. Process Biochem 37:1–7
López F, Díaz MJ, Eugenio ME, Ariza J, Rodríguez A, Jiménez L (2003) Optimization of hydrogen peroxide in totally chlorine free bleaching of cellulose pulp from olive three residues. Bioresour Technol 87:255–261
McMillan JD (1994) Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. In: Himmel ME, Baker JO, Overend RP (eds) Conversion of hemicellulose hydrolyzates to ethanol. American Chemical Society Symposium, Washington, pp 292–324
Mishra VS, Mahajani VV, Joshi JB (1995) Wet air oxidation. Ind Eng Chem Res 34:2–48
Mussatto SI, Roberto IC (2005) Acid hydrolysis and fermentation of brewer’s spent grain to produce xylitol. J Sci Food Agric 85:2453–2460
Mussatto SI, Dragone G, Roberto IC (2006a) Brewer’s spent grain: generation, characteristics and potential applications. J Cereal Sci 43:1–14
Mussatto SI, Dragone G, Rocha GJM, Roberto IC (2006b) Optimum operating conditions for brewer’s spent grain soda pulping. Carbohyd Polym 64:22–28
Rahmawati N, Ohashi Y, Honda Y, Kuwahara M, Fackler K, Messner K, Watanabe T (2005) Pulp bleaching by hydrogen peroxide activated with copper 2,2’-dipyridylamine and 4-aminopyridine complexes. Chem Eng J 112:167–171
Shatalov AA, Pereira H (2007) Polysaccharide degradation during ozone-based TCF bleaching of non-wood organosolv pulps. Carbohyd Polym 67:275–281
Tanaka R, Wan Rosli WD, Magara K, Ikeda T, Hosoya S (2004) Chlorine-free bleaching of kraft pulp from oil palm empty fruit bunches. JARQ – Jpn Agric Res Q 38:275–279
Tutus A (2004) Bleaching of rice straw pulps with hydrogen peroxide. Pakistan J Biol Sci 7:1327–1329
Vu THM, Pakkanen H, Alén R (2004) Delignification of bamboo (Bambusa procera acher) part 1. Kraft pulping and the subsequent oxygen delignification to pulp with a low kappa number. Ind Crop Prod 19:49–57
Weinstock IA, Atalla RH, Reiner RS, Moen MA, Hammel KE, Houtman CJ, Hill CL (1996) A new environmentally benign technology and approach to bleaching kraft pulp. Polyoxometalates for selective delignification and waste mineralization. New J Chem 20:269–275
Ye D, Montané D, Farriol X (2005) Preparation and characterization of methylcelluloses from Miscanthus sinensis. Carbohyd Polym 62:258–266
Zou H, Genco JM, van Heiningen A, Cole B, Fort R (2002) Effect of hemicellulose content in kraft brownstock on oxygen delignification. In: Proceedings of the TAPPI Pulping & Engineering Conference. San Diego, CA, United States
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by Capes (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior), CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico) and FAPESP (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo), Brazil.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mussatto, S.I., Rocha, G.J.M. & Roberto, I.C. Hydrogen peroxide bleaching of cellulose pulps obtained from brewer’s spent grain. Cellulose 15, 641–649 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-008-9198-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-008-9198-4