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Long non-coding RNA: A recently accentuated molecule in chemoresistance in cancer

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Abstract

Chemotherapy is one of the important and effective options for cancer treatment in the past decades. Although the response rate of initial chemotherapy is considerably high in certain types of cancers, such as ovarian cancer and lung cancer, the patients frequently suffer from chemoresistance and recurrence of disease. Recent genome-wide studies have shown that the large number of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcribed from the human genome and involved in many biological processes including carcinogenesis. They aberrantly regulate variety of cell functions, such as cell cycle, apoptosis, autophagy, and metabolisms, which are associated with chemosensitivity. Therefore, understanding the biological and clinical impacts of lncRNAs on tumor behavior and its potential as a predictive biomarker for chemotherapy effectiveness is highly desired. In this review, we classify the major mechanisms of lncRNA-related chemoresistance and provide theoretical evidences for targeting lncRNAs in certain types of cancers that may open up new therapeutic paradigm for cancer treatment.

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Abbreviations

ABC:

ATP binding cassette

ABCB1, ABCC1, ABCC2 and ABCG2:

ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1, C member 1, C member 2 and G member 2

AMPK:

AMP-activated protein kinase

Ara-C:

cytarabine

ATG:

autophagy-related gene

ATM:

ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated

ATR:

ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related

BAD:

Bcl-2-associated death promoter

BAK:

Bcl-2 homologous antagonist killer

BAX:

Bcl-2-associated X protein members

Bcl-2:

B-cell lymphoma 2

Bcl-XL:

B-cell lymphoma-extra large

BDNF:

brain derived neurotrophic factor

BID:

BH3 interacting domain death agonist

BIK:

BCL2 interacting killer

BLACAT1:

lncRNA- bladder cancer associated transcript 1

CDDP:

cisplatin

CDH1:

cadherin 1

CDK1 and CDK4:

cyclin dependent kinase 1 and 4

ceRNA:

competing endogenous RNA

CHK1and CHK2:

checkpoint kinases 1 and 2

CREB:

cAMP response element-binding protein

CRNDE::

ncRNA- colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed

CSC:

cancer stem cell

CTX:

Cyclophosphamide

DANCR:

differentiation antagonizing non-protein coding RNA

DDSR1:

DNA damage-sensitive lncRNA1

DNA-PKcs:

DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit

DOX:

doxorubicin

DSB:

double-strand break

E2F1:

E2F transcription factor 1

E2F7:

E2F transcription factor 7

EGOT:

Ai-lncRNA-eosinophil granule ontogeny transcript

EMT:

epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition

ERBB4:

receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-4

EZH2:

enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit

5-FU:

Fluorouracil

GBCDRlnc1:

gallbladder cancer drug resistance-associated lncRNA1PGK1

H3K27me3:

histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation

HCC:

hepatocellular carcinoma

HMGA1:

high-mobility group protein A 1

hnRNPH1:

heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1

hnRNPK:

heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K

hnRNPUL1:

heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U like 1

HOTAIR:

lncRNA-HOX transcript antisense RNA

HOTTIP:

lncRNA- HOXA distal transcript antisense RNA

HR:

homologous recombination

HULC:

hepatocellular carcinoma up-regulated long non-coding RNA

ITPR1:

inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1

LBCS:

lncRNA-bladder cancer suppressor

lncRNA:

long non-coding RNA

LINP1:

lncRNA in nonhomologous end joining pathway 1

LOL:

lncRNA of luminal

MACC1-AS1:

lncRNA-metastasis-associated in colon cancer-antisense 1

MALAT1:

lncRNA- metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1

MAPK1:

mitogen-activated protein kinase 1

MGMT:

O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase

miRNA:

microRNA

MDR:

multi-drug resistant protein

MIZ1:

Myc-interacting zinc-finger protein-1

MRP:

multidrug-Resistance like Protein 1, also known as ABCC1

mTOR:

mammalian target of rapamycin

MTX:

Methotrexate

NSCLC:

non-small cell lung cancer

NEAT1:

lncRNA- nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1

NGF:

nerve growth factor

NHEJ:

non-homologous end joining

NOXA:

phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1, also known as PMAIP1

OR3A4:

lncRNA- olfactory receptor family 3 subfamily A member 4

OXA:

oxaliplatin

PANDAR:

promoter of CDKN1A antisense DNA damage activated RNA

PARP-inhibitor:

poly ADP ribose polymerase inhibitor

PIK3R3:

phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 3

PGK1:

phosphoglycerate kinase 1

PRC2:

polycomb repressive complex 2

PTEN:

phosphatase and tensin homolog

PTX:

paclitaxel

PVT1:

lncRNA-plasmacytoma Variant Translocation 1

RAD51-AS1:

lncRNA RAD51 antisense RNA 1

Rb:

retinoblastoma

ROR:

lncRNA-regulator of reprogramming

RUNXOR:

RUNX1 overlapping lncRNA

SFRS2:

splicing factor arginine/serine-rich 2

SIRT1:

sirtuin 1

SMAD2/3:

SMAD family member 2/3

SNHG12:

lncRNA- small nucleolar RNA host gene 12

SOX2:

SRY-box transcription factor 2

STAT3:

signal transducer and activator of transcription 3

TALC:

temozolomide-associated lncRNA in glioblastoma recurrence

TF:

transcription factor

TGF-β:

transforming growth factor beta

TMZ:

Temozolomide

TNBC:

triple-negative breast cancer

TUG1:

taurine upregulated gene 1

UCA1:

lncRNA- urothelial cancer associated 1

ULK:

Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase

USP22:

ubiquitin specific peptidase 22

VCR:

Vincristine

VLDLR:

very low density lipoprotein receptor

XIST:

X inactive specific transcript

ZEB1 and 2:

zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 and 2

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Funding

This study was supported by a research program of P-CREATE, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (Y. Kondo), and of the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research, the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Y. Kondo)

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  1. Fourth Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China

    Yang Peng & Dihong Tang

  2. Division of Cancer Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan

    Yang Peng, Meng Zhao & Yutaka Kondo

  3. Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan

    Yang Peng, Hiroaki Kajiyama & Fumitaka Kikkawa

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  1. Yang Peng
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  2. Dihong Tang
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  3. Meng Zhao
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Correspondence to Yutaka Kondo.

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Peng, Y., Tang, D., Zhao, M. et al. Long non-coding RNA: A recently accentuated molecule in chemoresistance in cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 39, 825–835 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10555-020-09910-w

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