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Molecular functions and significance of the MTA family in hormone-independent cancer

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Abstract

The members of the metastasis-associated protein (MTA) family play pivotal roles in both physiological and pathophysiological processes, especially in cancer development and metastasis, and their role as master regulators has come to light. Due to the fact that they were first identified as crucial factors in estrogen receptor-mediated breast cancer metastasis, most of the early studies focused on their hormone-dependent functions. However, the accumulating evidence shows that the members of MTA family are deregulated in most, if not all, the cancers studied so far. Therefore, the levels as well as the activities of the MTA family members are widely accepted as potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and predictors of overall survival. They function differently in different cancers with specific mechanisms. p53 and HIF-1α appear to be the respectively common upstream and downstream regulator of the MTA family in both development and metastasis of a wide spectrum of cancers. Here, we review the expression and clinical significance of the MTA family, focusing on hormone-independent cancers. To illustrate the molecular mechanisms, we analyze the MTA family-related signaling pathways in different cancers. Finally, targeting the MTA family directly or the pathways involved in the MTA family indirectly could be invaluable strategies in the development of cancer therapeutics.

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Abbreviations

CHD4:

Chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein

CGB5:

Chorionic gonadotropin, beta polypeptide 5

c-myc:

v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog

DSB:

Double-strand break

EGFR:

Epidermal growth factor receptor

EMT:

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition

H3:

Histone 3

HDAC:

Histone deacetylase

IHC:

Immunohistochemistry

MTA1:

Metastasis-associated protein family member 1

MTA2:

Metastasis-associated protein family member 2

MTA3:

Metastasis-associated protein family member 3

miRNA:

MicroRNA

NuRD:

Nucleosome remodeling and deacetylation

p21:

Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A

p53:

Tumor protein p53

PRDM1:

PR domain containing 1, with ZNF domain

WB:

Western blot

Wnt:

Wingless-type MMTV integration site family

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81071736 and 30973508), Clinical Research Enhancement Initiative of Shantou University Medical College (201412), and Guangdong Provincial Key Lab for Breast Cancer Diagnosis & Treatment. We would like to thank Dr. Stanley Lin for proofreading the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory for Translational Oncology, Basic Medicine College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei Province, 437100, China

    Zhifeng Ning

  2. Department of Biotherapy and Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 7 Raoping Road, Shantou, Guangdong Province, 515041, China

    Zhifeng Ning & Hao Zhang

  3. Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong Province, 515041, China

    Zhifeng Ning, Jinfeng Gan, Chaoying Chen & Hao Zhang

  4. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Chronic Disorders of Aging, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA

    Dianzheng Zhang

  5. Guangdong Provincial Key Lab for Breast Cancer Diagnosis & Treatment, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 7 Raoping Road, Shantou, Guangdong Province, 515041, China

    Hao Zhang

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  1. Zhifeng Ning
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Ning, Z., Gan, J., Chen, C. et al. Molecular functions and significance of the MTA family in hormone-independent cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 33, 901–919 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10555-014-9517-1

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