Abstract
Cardiac event is a major cause of death in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). The most frequent IIMs are polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM). The purpose of this study was to analyze cardiac involvement by three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (3D STE) in patients with PM or DM, and to identify the relationship of cardiac injury with clinical characteristics and disease-specific parameters. 60 PM/DM patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction and 30 matched healthy controls were assessed by conventional echocardiography, 3D STE with biventricular strain analysis and electrocardiogram. Compared to controls, patients with PM/DM had significantly diminished left ventricular global longitudinal systolic strain and right ventricular longitudinal systolic strain (LVGLS, − 20.3 ± 2.5 vs. − 23.4 ± 1.7%; RVLS, − 19.4 ± 4.2 vs − 24.8 ± 2.0%; both P < 0.001), and longer QTc intervals(421.0 ± 38.4 vs 400.6 ± 14.5 ms, P = 0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that Myositis Damage Index (MDI) was independently associated with LVGLS (R2 = 0.44, P = 0.002) and RVLS (R2 = 0.56, P < 0.001) in PM/DM patients with established disease course more than 1 year. In multivariate analysis of pooled data for all the PM/DM patients, when MDI was excluded due to missing observations, disease duration correlated with worse LVGLS (R2 = 0.24, P = 0.002), while concomitant interstitial lung disease correlated with worse RVLS (R2 = 0.30, P < 0.001). Disease activity scores (Myositis Intention to Treat Activities Index) had a weak positive correlation with QTc intervals (rsp = 0.31, P = 0.02). Our results suggest that cardiac injury in PM/DM is a long-term process and its severity depends on patients’ heterogeneous clinical features and systemic disease burden.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Torres C, Belmonte R, Carmona L, Gómez-Reino FJ, Galindo M, Ramos B et al (2006) Survival, mortality and causes of death in inflammatory myopathies. Autoimmunity 39:205–215
Marie I (2012) Morbidity and mortality in adult polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Curr Rheumatol Rep 14:275–285
Zhang L, Wang GC, Ma L, Zu N (2012) Cardiac involvement in adult polymyositis or dermatomyositis: a systematic review. Clin Cardiol 35:685–691
Wang H, Liu HX, Wang YL, Yu XQ, Chen XX, Cai L (2014) Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with dermatomyositis without clinically evident cardiovascular disease. J Rheumatol 41:495–500
Diederichsen LP, Simonsen JA, Diederichsen AC, Hvidsten S, Hougaard M, Junker P (2016) Cardiac abnormalities in adult patients with polymyositis or dermatomyositis as assessed by noninvasive modalities. Arthritis Care Res 68:1012–1020
Guerra F, Gelardi C, Capucci A, Gabrielli A, Danieli MG (2017) Subclinical cardiac dysfunction in polymyositis and dermatomyositis: a speckle-tracking case-control study. J Rheumatol 44:815–821
Jasaityte R, Heyde B, D’hooge J (2013) Current state of three-dimensional myocardial strain estimation using echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 26:15–28
Schwartz T, Sanner H, Gjesdal O, Flatø B, Sjaastad I (2014) In juvenile dermatomyositis, cardiac systolic dysfunction is present after long-term follow-up and is predicted by sustained early skin activity. Ann Rheum Dis 73:1805–1810
Song FY, Shi J, Guo Y, Zhang CJ, Xu YC, Zhang QL et al (2017) Assessment of biventricular systolic strain derived from the two-dimensional and three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography in lymphoma patients after anthracycline therapy. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 33:857–868
Bossone E, D’Andrea A, D’Alto M, Citro R, Argiento P, Ferrara F et al (2013) Echocardiography in pulmonary arterial hypertension: from diagnosis to prognosis. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 26:1–14
Bohan A, Peter JB (1975) Polymyositis and dermatomyositis (first of two parts). N Engl J Med 292:344–347
Bohan A, Peter JB (1975) Polymyositis and dermatomyositis (second of two parts). N Engl J Med 292:403–407
Rider LG, Werth VP, Huber AM, Alexanderson H, Rao AP, Ruperto N et al (2011) Measures of adult and juvenile dermatomyositis,polymyositis, and inclusion body myositis: Physician and Patient/Parent Global Activity, Manual Muscle Testing (MMT), Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ)/Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (C-HAQ), Childhood Myositis Assessment Scale (CMAS), Myositis Disease Activity Assessment Tool (MDAAT), Disease Activity Score (DAS), Short Form 36 (SF-36), Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ), physician global damage, Myositis Damage Index (MDI), Quantitative Muscle Testing (QMT), Myositis Functional Index-2 (FI-2), Myositis Activities Profile (MAP), Inclusion Body Myositis Functional Rating Scale (IBMFRS), Cutaneous Dermatomyositis Disease Area and Severity Index (CDASI), Cutaneous Assessment Tool (CAT), Dermatomyositis Skin Severity Index (DSSI), Skindex, and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Arthritis Care Res 63(Suppl 11):S118–S157
Lang RM, Badano LP, Mor-Avi V, Afilalo J, Armstrong A, Ernande L et al (2015) Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1:1–39
Nagueh SF, Smiseth OA, Appleton CP, Byrd BF, Dokainish H, Edvardsen T et al (2016) Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 17:1321–1360
Rudski LG, Lai WW, Afilalo J, Hua L, Handschumacher MD, Chandrasekaran K et al (2010) Guidelines for the echocardiographic assessment of the right heart in adults: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 23:685–713
Lundberg IE (2006) The heart in dermatomyositis and polymyositis. Rheumatology 45:iv18–i21
Gupta R, Wayangankar SA, Targoff IN, Hennebry TA (2011) Clinical cardiac involvement in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: a systematic review. Int J Cardiol 148:261–270
Toyota E, Ogasawara Y, Hiramatsu O, Tachibana H, Kajiya F, Yamamori S et al (2005) Dynamics of flow velocities in endocardial and epicardial coronary arterioles. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 288:H1598–H1603
Moore CC, Lugo-Olivieri CH, McVeigh ER, Zerhouni EA (2000) Three-dimensional systolic strain patterns in the normal human left ventricle: characterization with tagged MR imaging. Radiology 214:453–466
Reisner SA, Lysyansky P, Agmon Y, Mutlak D, Lessick J, Friedman Z (2004) Global longitudinal strain: a novel index of left ventricular systolic function. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 17:630–633
Wang J, Khoury DS, Yue Y, Torre-Amione G, Nagueh SF (2008) Preserved left ventricular twist and circumferential deformation, but depressed longitudinal and radial deformation in patients with diastolic heart failure. Eur Heart J 29:1283–1289
Schwartz T, Diederichsen LP, Lundberg IE, Sjaastad I, Sanner H (2016) Cardiac involvement in adult and juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. RMD open 2:e000291
Limaye VS, Lester S, Blumbergs P, ROBERTS-THOMSON PJ (2010) Idiopathic inflammatory myositis is associated with a high incidence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Int J Rheum Dis 13:132–137
Lega JC, Reynaud Q, Belot A, Fabien N, Durieu I, Cottin V (2015) Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies and the lung. Eur Respir Rev 24:216–238
D’andrea A, Stanziola A, Di Palma E, Martino M, D’alto M, Dellegrottaglie S (2016) Right ventricular structure and function in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with or without pulmonary hypertension. Echocardiography 33:57–65
Kato S, Sekine A, Kusakawa Y, Ogura T, Futaki M, Iwasawa T (2015) Prognostic value of cardiovascular magnetic resonance derived right ventricular function in patients with interstitial lung disease. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 17:10
Hilde JM, Skjorten I, Grotta OJ, Hansteen V, Melsom MN, Hisdal J et al (2013) Right ventricular dysfunction and remodeling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease without pulmonary hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 62:1103–1111
Péter A, Balogh Á, Szilágyi S, Faludi R, Nagy-Vincze M, Édes I et al (2015) Echocardiographic abnormalities in new-onset polymyositis/dermatomyositis. J Rheumatol 42:272–281
Marie I, Hatron PY, Dominique S, Cherin P, Mouthon L, Menard JF (2011) Short-term and long-term outcomes of interstitial lung disease in polymyositis and dermatomyositis: a series of 107 patients. Arthritis Rheum 63:3439–3447
Rider LG, Lachenbruch PA, Monroe JB, Ravelli A, Cabalar I, Feldman BM et al (2009) Damage extent and predictors in adult and juvenile dermatomyositis and polymyositis as determined with the myositis damage index. Arthritis Rheum 60:3425–3435
Danieli MG, Gelardi C, Guerra F, Cardinaletti P, Pedini V, Gabrielli A (2016) Cardiac involvement in polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Autoimmun Rev 15:462–465
Danieli MG, Gambini S, Pettinari L, Logullo F, Veronesi G, Gabrielli A (2014) Impact of treatment on survival in polymyositis and dermatomyositis: a single-centre long-term follow-up study. Autoimmun Rev 13:1048–1054
Dankó K, Ponyi A, Constantin T, Borgulya G, Szegedi G (2004) Long-term survival of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies according to clinical features: a longitudinal study of 162 cases. Medicine 83:35–42
Haupt HM, Hutchins GM (1982) The heart and cardiac conduction system in polymyositis-dermatomyositis: a clinicopathologic study of 16 autopsied patients. Am J Cardiol 50:998–1006
Albayda J, Khan A, Casciola-Rosen L, Corse AM, Paik JJ, Christopher-Stine L (2017) Inflammatory myopathy associated with anti-mitochondrial antibodies: A distinct phenotype with cardiac involvement. Semin Arthritis Rheum. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semarthrit.2017.06.004
Acknowledgements
This study was supported by Science & Technology Pillar Program of Sichuan Province, Grant 2014SZ0004-8.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval
All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee, and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments.
Informed consent
All participants gave their informed consent prior to their inclusion in the study.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhong, Y., Bai, W., Xie, Q. et al. Cardiac function in patients with polymyositis or dermatomyositis: a three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography study. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 34, 683–693 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-017-1278-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-017-1278-9