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Sociodemographic disparities in the occurrence of medical conditions among adolescent and young adult Hodgkin lymphoma survivors

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Abstract

Purpose

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) survivors experience high risks of second cancers and cardiovascular disease, but no studies have considered whether the occurrence of these and other medical conditions differ by sociodemographic factors in adolescent and young adult (AYA) survivors.

Methods

Data for 5,085 patients aged 15–39 when diagnosed with HL during 1996–2012 and surviving ≥ 2 years were obtained from the California Cancer Registry and linked to hospitalization data. We examined the impact of race/ethnicity, neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES), and health insurance on the occurrence of medical conditions (≥ 2 years after diagnosis) and the impact of medical conditions on survival using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression.

Results

Twenty-six percent of AYAs experienced at least one medical condition and 15% had ≥ 2 medical conditions after treatment for HL. In multivariable analyses, Black HL survivors had a higher likelihood (vs. non-Hispanic Whites) of endocrine [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05–1.78] and circulatory system diseases (HR = 1.58, CI 1.17–2.14); Hispanics had a higher likelihood of endocrine diseases [HR = 1.24 (1.04–1.48)]. AYAs with public or no insurance (vs. private/military) had higher likelihood of circulatory system diseases, respiratory system diseases, chronic kidney disease/renal failure, liver disease, and endocrine diseases. AYAs residing in low SES neighborhoods (vs. high) had higher likelihood of respiratory system and endocrine diseases. AYAs with these medical conditions or second cancers had an over twofold increased risk of death.

Conclusion

Strategies to improve health care utilization for surveillance and secondary prevention among AYA HL survivors at increased risk of medical conditions may improve outcomes.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Rich and Weissman Family Lymphoma and Survivorship Fund St. Baldrick’s Research Grant. In addition, Dr. Flowers’ effort was supported by the National Cancer Institute U01CA195568 and K24CA208132, and Dr. Wun’s effort also supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences TR000002. The collection of cancer incidence data used in this study was supported by the California Department of Public Health as part of the statewide cancer reporting program mandated by California Health and Safety Code Section103885; the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program under contract HHSN261201000140C awarded to the Cancer Prevention Institute of California, contract HHSN261201000035C awarded to the University of Southern California, and contract HHSN261201000034C awarded to the Public Health Institute; and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Program of Cancer Registries, under agreement U58DP003862-01 awarded to the California Department of Public Health. The ideas and opinions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and endorsement by the State of California, Department of Public Health the National Cancer Institute, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or their Contractors and Subcontractors is not intended nor should be inferred.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Oncology Hematology Outcomes Research and Training (COHORT) and Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA

    Theresa H. M. Keegan, Qian Li, Amy Steele, Ann Brunson & Ted Wun

  2. Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA

    Elysia M. Alvarez

  3. Department of Hematology and Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Christopher R. Flowers

  4. Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA

    Sally L. Glaser

  5. Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA

    Sally L. Glaser

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  1. Theresa H. M. Keegan
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Correspondence to Theresa H. M. Keegan.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. For this type of study formal consent is not required.

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Keegan, T.H.M., Li, Q., Steele, A. et al. Sociodemographic disparities in the occurrence of medical conditions among adolescent and young adult Hodgkin lymphoma survivors. Cancer Causes Control 29, 551–561 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-018-1025-0

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