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A Pooled Analysis of 12 Cohort Studies of Dietary Fat, Cholesterol and Egg Intake and Ovarian Cancer

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Abstract

Fat and cholesterol are theorized to promote ovarian carcinogenesis by increasing circulating estrogen levels. Although case–control studies have reported positive associations between total and saturated fat intake and ovarian cancer risk, two cohort studies have observed null associations. Dietary cholesterol and eggs have been positively associated with ovarian cancer risk. A pooled analysis was conducted on 12 cohort studies. Among 523,217 women, 2,132 incident epithelial ovarian cancer cases were identified. Study-specific relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by Cox proportional hazards models, and then pooled using a random effects model. Total fat intake was not associated with ovarian cancer risk (pooled multivariate RR = 1.08, 95% CI 0.86–1.34 comparing ≥45 to 30–<35% of calories). No association was observed for monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, trans-unsaturated, animal and vegetable fat, cholesterol and egg intakes with ovarian cancer risk. A weakly positive, but non-linear association, was observed for saturated fat intake (pooled multivariate RR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.01–1.66 comparing highest versus lowest decile). Results for histologic subtypes were similar. Overall, fat, cholesterol and egg intakes were not associated with ovarian cancer risk. The positive association for saturated fat intake at very high intakes merits further investigation.

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Acknowledgement

This study was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health, # CA098566 and #CA55075.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA

    Jeanine M. Genkinger, David J. Hunter, Walter C. Willett & Stephanie A. Smith-Warner

  2. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA

    David J. Hunter, Julie E. Buring, Graham A. Colditz, Susan E. Hankinson, Walter C. Willett, Shumin M. Zhang & Stephanie A. Smith-Warner

  3. Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    David J. Hunter, Graham A. Colditz, Susan E. Hankinson & Walter C. Willett

  4. Harvard Center for Cancer Prevention, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA

    Graham A. Colditz

  5. Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA

    Donna Spiegelman

  6. Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    Kristin E. Anderson & Julie A. Ross

  7. The Center for Health Research, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA

    W. Lawrence Beeson & Gary E. Fraser

  8. Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Julie E. Buring & Shumin M. Zhang

  9. Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA

    Jo L. Freudenheim & Ellen Smit

  10. Department of Food and Chemical Risk Analysis, TNO Quality of Life, Zeist, The Netherlands

    R. Alexandra Goldbohm

  11. Department of Environmental Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, New York University, New York, NY, USA

    Karen L. Koenig & Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte

  12. Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, National Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

    Susanna C. Larsson & Alicja Wolk

  13. Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Michael Leitzmann & Arthur Schatzkin

  14. Epidemiology and Surveillance Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Marjorie L. McCullough & Carmen Rodriguez

  15. Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    Anthony B. Miller

  16. Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA

    Thomas E. Rohan

  17. Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands

    Leo J. Schouten

Authors
  1. Jeanine M. Genkinger
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  2. David J. Hunter
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  3. Donna Spiegelman
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  4. Kristin E. Anderson
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  5. W. Lawrence Beeson
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  6. Julie E. Buring
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  7. Graham A. Colditz
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  8. Gary E. Fraser
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  9. Jo L. Freudenheim
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  10. R. Alexandra Goldbohm
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  11. Susan E. Hankinson
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  12. Karen L. Koenig
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  13. Susanna C. Larsson
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  14. Michael Leitzmann
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  15. Marjorie L. McCullough
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  16. Anthony B. Miller
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  17. Carmen Rodriguez
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  18. Thomas E. Rohan
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  19. Julie A. Ross
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  20. Arthur Schatzkin
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  21. Leo J. Schouten
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  22. Ellen Smit
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  23. Walter C. Willett
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Correspondence to Jeanine M. Genkinger.

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Genkinger, J.M., Hunter, D.J., Spiegelman, D. et al. A Pooled Analysis of 12 Cohort Studies of Dietary Fat, Cholesterol and Egg Intake and Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Causes Control 17, 273–285 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-005-0455-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-005-0455-7

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