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Hemodynamic and EEG Time-Courses During Unilateral Hand Movement in Patients with Cortical Myoclonus. An EEG-fMRI and EEG-TD-fNIRS Study

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Abstract

Multimodal human brain mapping has been proposed as an integrated approach capable of improving the recognition of the cortical correlates of specific neurological functions. We used simultaneous EEG-fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) and EEG-TD-fNIRS (time domain functional near-infrared spectroscopy) recordings to compare different hemodynamic methods with changes in EEG in ten patients with progressive myoclonic epilepsy and 12 healthy controls. We evaluated O2Hb, HHb and Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) changes and event-related desynchronization/synchronization (ERD/ERS) in the α and β bands of all of the subjects while they performed a simple motor task. The general linear model was used to obtain comparable fMRI and TD-fNIRS activation maps. We also analyzed cortical thickness in order to evaluate any structural changes. In the patients, the TD-NIRS and fMRI data significantly correlated and showed a significant lessening of the increase in O2Hb and the decrease in BOLD. The post-movement β rebound was minimal or absent in patients. Cortical thickness was moderately reduced in the motor area of the patients and correlated with the reduction in the hemodynamic signals. The fMRI and TD-NIRS results were consistent, significantly correlated and showed smaller hemodynamic changes in the patients. This finding may be partially attributable to mild cortical thickening. However, cortical hyperexcitability, which is known to generate myoclonic jerks and probably accounts for the lack of EEG β-ERS, did not reflect any increased energy requirement. We hypothesize that this is due to a loss of inhibitory neuronal components that typically fire at high frequencies.

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Abbreviations

AUC:

Area under the curve

BOLD:

Blood oxygen level-dependent

CT:

Cortical thickness

EEG:

Electroencephalography

EMG:

Electromyography

EPM1:

Progressive myoclonic epilepsy 1A

ERD/ERS:

Event-related desynchronization/synchronization

fMRI:

Functional magnetic resonance imaging

fNIRS:

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy

FWE:

Family wise error

FWHM:

Full width at half maximum

GLM:

General linear model

HHb:

Deoxyhemoglobin

HRF:

Hemodynamic response function

MDL:

Minimum description length

MNI:

Montreal Neurological Institute

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

NIR:

Near-infrared

O2Hb:

Oxyhemoglobin

ROI:

Region of interest

SPM:

Statistical parametric mapping

TD-fNIRS:

Time domain functional near-infrared spectroscopy

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Acknowledgments

This study received funding from the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant agreement HEALTH-F5-2008-201076 (nEUROPt). The authors are grateful to Elena Schiaffi and Alice Granvillano for their outstanding technical assistance during EEG-TD-fNIRS and EEG-fMRI data acquisition.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Neurofisiologia ed Epilettologia Diagnostica, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta”, via Celoria 11, 20133, Milan, Italy

    E. Visani, L. Canafoglia, I. Gilioli, D. Rossi Sebastiano, D. Duran, F. Panzica & S. Franceschetti

  2. Dipartimento di Neuroradiologia, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta”, Milan, Italy

    V. E. Contarino

  3. Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy

    R. Cubeddu, D. Contini, L. Zucchelli & A. Torricelli

  4. Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy

    L. Spinelli

  5. Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Via Golgi 39, 20133, Milan, Italy

    M. Caffini, E. Molteni, A. M. Bianchi & S. Cerutti

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  1. E. Visani
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  2. L. Canafoglia
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  3. I. Gilioli
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  4. D. Rossi Sebastiano
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  7. F. Panzica
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  8. R. Cubeddu
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  9. D. Contini
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  10. L. Zucchelli
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  11. L. Spinelli
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  12. M. Caffini
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  16. S. Franceschetti
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  17. A. Torricelli
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Correspondence to E. Visani.

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Visani, E., Canafoglia, L., Gilioli, I. et al. Hemodynamic and EEG Time-Courses During Unilateral Hand Movement in Patients with Cortical Myoclonus. An EEG-fMRI and EEG-TD-fNIRS Study. Brain Topogr 28, 915–925 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10548-014-0402-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10548-014-0402-6

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