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Brassinosteroids and their role in response of plants to abiotic stresses

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Biologia Plantarum

Abstract

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are polyhydroxylated steroidal plant hormones that play pivotal role in the regulation of various plant growth and development processes. BR biosynthetic or signaling mutants clearly indicate that these plant steroids are essential for regulating a variety of physiological processes including cellular expansion and proliferation, vascular differentiation, male fertility, timing senescence, and leaf development. Moreover, BRs regulate the expression of hundreds of genes, affect the activity of numerous metabolic pathways, and help to control overall developmental programs leading to morphogenesis. On the other hand, the potential application of BRs in agriculture to improve growth and yield under various stress conditions including drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, and heavy metal (Cd, Cu, Al, and Ni) toxicity, is of immense significance as these stresses severely hamper the normal metabolism of plants. Keeping in mind the multifaceted role of BRs, an attempt has been made to cover the various aspects mediated by BRs particularly under stress conditions and a possible mechanism of action of BRs has also been suggested.

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Abbreviations

28norCS:

28-norcasterone

6deoxoCS:

6-deoxocasterone

6-deoxoTY:

6-deoxotyphasterol

BL:

brassinolide

BRI1:

brassinosteroids insensitive I

BRs:

brassinosteroids

CAT:

catalase

CS:

castasterone

EBL:

24-epibrassinolide

HBL:

28-homobrassinolide

LRR:

leucine rich repeat

MT-sHSP:

mitochondrial small heat shock protein

NPR1:

non-expressor of pathogenesis related genes 1

P5C:

pyrroline-5-carboxylase

POX:

peroxidase

PR-1:

pathogenesis related 1

PS II:

photosystem II

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

S/T kinase:

serine/threonine kinase

SOD:

superoxide dismutase

TE:

teasterone

TY:

typhasterol

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Q. Fariduddin, M. Yusuf & A. Ahmad

  2. Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India

    M. Yusuf & I. Ahmad

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  1. Q. Fariduddin
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  2. M. Yusuf
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  3. I. Ahmad
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  4. A. Ahmad
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Correspondence to Q. Fariduddin.

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Acknowledgements: M. Yusuf gratefully acknowledges the financial assistance rendered by the University Grant Commission, New Delhi, India in a form of the Dr. D.S. Kothari Postdoctoral Fellowship [F.4-2/2006(BSR) 13-608/2012/BSR].

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Fariduddin, Q., Yusuf, M., Ahmad, I. et al. Brassinosteroids and their role in response of plants to abiotic stresses. Biol Plant 58, 9–17 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-013-0374-5

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