Abstract
Phylogenetic relationships among 15 bamboo species were evaluated using 32 key morphological descriptors and 120 polymorphic loci of the genomic DNA generated using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. The dendrogram generated for these two parameters based on similarity matrix computed from allelic polymorphism data using unweighted pair group method of analysis. Phylogenetic relationships as revealed from the dendrogram and principal component analysis was in concurrence with the reliable, widely referred system of bamboo classification, while, the cluster pattern generated from the similarity matrix derived from key morphological character analysis was discriminatory. The findings suggest that the molecular evidences need to be supplemented by morphological data to validate the phylogenetic relationships among taxa.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- OTU:
-
operational taxonomic unit
- PCA:
-
principal component analysis
- PIC:
-
polymorphism information content
- RAPD:
-
random amplified polymorphic DNA
- UPGMA:
-
unweighted pair group method of arithmetic averages
References
Basak, J., Das, M., Ghose, T.K., Pal, A.: An efficient and high-yielding method of PCR-compatible DNA isolation for biotechnological investigations from economically important plants.-In: D’Souza, L., Anuradha, M., Shashikiran, N., Hegde, S., Rajendra, K. (ed.): Biotechnology for a Better Future. Pp. 99–105. SAC Publications, Mangalore 2004.
Bennet, S.S.R., Gaur, R.C.: Thirty-seven Bamboos Growing in India.-Controller of Publications, Government of India, New Delhi 1990.
Brown-Guedira, G.L., Thompson, J.A., Nelson, R.L., Warburton, M.L.: Evaluation of genetic diversity of soybean introductions and North American ancestors using RAPD and SSR markers.-Crop Sci. 40: 815–823, 2000.
Das, M., Bhattacharya, S., Pal, A,: Generation and characterization of SCARs by cloning and sequencing of RAPD products: A strategy for species specific marker development in bamboo.-Ann. Bot. 95: 835–841, 2005.
Ding, Y.: Systematic studies on Phyllostachys.-Ph. D. Diss. Nanjing University, Nanjing 1998.
Friar, E., Kochert, G.: A study of genetic variation and evolution of Phyllostachys (Bambusoideae: Poaceae) using nuclear restriction fragment length polymorphisms.-Theor. appl. Genet. 89: 265–270, 1994.
Gamble, J.S.: Bambuseae of British India.-Ann. Roy. Bot. Garden, Calcutta 1896.
Gielis, J., Everaert, I., De, L.M.: Analysis of genetic variability and relationships in Phyllostachys using random amplified polymorphic DNA.-In: Chapman, G. (ed.): The Bamboos. Pp.107–124. Academic Press, London 1997.
Gunter, L.E., Tuskan, G.A., Wullschleger, S.D.: Diversity among populations of switchgrass based on RAPD markers.-Crop. Sci. 36: 1017–1022, 1996.
Guo, Z.H., Chen, Y.Y., Li, D.Z., Yang, J.B.: Genetic variation and evolution of the alpine bamboos (Poaceae, Bambusoideae) using DNA sequence data.-J. Plant Res. 114: 315–322, 2001.
Hodkinson, T.R., Renvoize, S.A., Chonghaile, G.N., Stapleton, C.M.A., Chase, M.W.: A comparison of ITS nuclear rDNA sequence data and AFLP markers for phylogenetic studies in Phyllostachys (Bambusoideae, Poaceae).-J. Plant Res. 113: 259–269, 2000.
Hsiao, J.Y., Rieseberg, L.H.: Population genetic structure of Yushania niitakayamensis (Bambusoideae, Poaceae) in Taiwan.-Mol. Ecol. 3: 201–208, 1994.
Kobayashi, M.: Phylogeny of world bamboos analysed by restriction fragment length polymorphisms of chloroplast DNA.-In: Chapman, G.P. (ed.): The Bamboos. Pp. 227–234. Linnean Society, London 1997.
Loh, J.P., Kiew, R., Set, O., Gan, L.H., Gan, Y.Y.: A study of genetic variation and relationships within the bamboo subtribe Bambusinae using amplified fragment length polymorphism.-Ann. Bot. 85: 607–612, 2000.
Nair, N.V., Nair, S., Sreenivasan, T.V., Mohan, M.: Analysis of genetic diversity and phylogeny in Saccharum and related genera using RAPD markers.-Genet. Res. Crop Evol. 46: 73–79, 1999.
Nayak, S., Rout, G.R., Das, P.: Evaluation of the genetic variability in bamboo using RAPD markers.-Plant Soil Environ. 49: 24–28, 2003.
Nei, M.: Estimation of average heterozygosity and genetic distance from a small number of individuals.-Genetics 89: 583–590, 1978.
Nei, M., Li, W.: Mathematical model for studying genetic variation in terms of restriction endonucleases.-Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. USA 79: 5269–5273, 1979.
Ni, J., Colowit, P.M., Mackill, D.J.: Evaluation of genetic diversity in rice subspecies using microsatellite markers.-Crop Sci. 42: 601–607, 2002.
Ohrnberger, D., Goerrings, J.: The Bamboos of the World.-Elsevier Science, Amsterdam 2002.
Padmesh, P., Reji, J.V., Jinish Dhar, M., Seeni, S.: Estimation of genetic diversity in varieties of Mucuna pruriens using RAPD.-Biol. Plant. 50: 367–372, 2006.
Raizada, M.B., Chatterjee, R.N.: World distribution of bamboos with special reference to the Indian species and their more important uses.-Indian Forest. 82: 215–218, 1956.
Rohlf, F.J: NTSYS-pc: Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System. Version 2.2. Exeter Software, Setauket-New York 2000.
Rout, G.R.: Evaluation of genetic relationship in Typhonium species through random amplified polymorphic DNA markers.-Biol. Plant. 50: 127–130, 2006.
Sneath, P.H.A., Sokal, R.R.: Numerical Taxonomy.-W.H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco 1973.
Weir, B.: Genetic Data Analysis: Methods for Discrete Population Genetic Data.-Sinauer Assoc., Sunderland 1990.
Williams, J.G.K., Kubelik, A.R., Livak, K.J., Rafalski, J.A., Tingey, S.V.: DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers.-Nucl. Acids Res. 18: 6531–6535, 1990.
Wu, M.C.Y.: Classification of Bambuseae based on leaf anatomy.-Bot. Bull. Acad. sin. 3: 83–107, 1962.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Das, M., Bhattacharya, S., Basak, J. et al. Phylogenetic relationships among the bamboo species as revealed by morphological characters and polymorphism analyses. Biol Plant 51, 667–672 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-007-0140-7
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-007-0140-7