Abstract
Gold ions are mobilized and disseminated through the environment and enter into the cells by non-specific intake. To avoid deleterious effect that occurs even at very low concentrations, bacteria such as Salmonella enterica and Cupriavidus metallidurans use Au-specific MerR-type transcriptional regulators to detect the presence of these toxic ions, and control the expression of specific resistance factors. In contrast to the related copper sensor CueR, the Au-selective metalloregulatory proteins are able to distinguish Au(I) from Cu(I) or Ag(I). This is achieved by finely tuning a single dithiolate metal coordination with conserved cysteine residues at the metal binding site of the proteins to lower the affinity for Cu(I) in comparison to the Cu-sensors, while maintaining or even increasing the affinity for Au(I). In Salmonella, GolS not only privileges the binding of Au(I) over Cu(I) or Ag(I), but also distinguishes its target recognition sites in its regulated promoters minimizing cross-activation of CueR-controlled operators. In this sense, the presence of a selective Au sensory devise would allow species harbouring resident Cu-homeostasis systems to eliminate the toxic ion without affecting Cu acquisition in Au rich environments.
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Acknowledgments
We thank E. García Véscovi, C. Risso, and M. E. Castelli, for critical reading of the manuscript, and L. B. Pontel and M. M. Ibáñez for helpful suggestions and comments. This work was supported by grants from Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica and from the National Research Council CONICET to S.K.C. and F.C.S. S.K.C. and F.C.S. are career investigators of CONICET. F.C.S. is also e career investigator of the Rosario National University Research Council (CIUNR).
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Checa, S.K., Soncini, F.C. Bacterial gold sensing and resistance. Biometals 24, 419–427 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-010-9393-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-010-9393-2