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Aluminium cycling in the soil-plant-animal-human continuum

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Abstract

A critical review of the literature on Al toxicity in plants, animals and humans reveals a similar mode of Al action in all living organisms, namely interference with the secondary messenger system (phosphoinositide and cytosolic Ca2+ signalling pathways) and enhanced production of reactive oxygen species resulting in oxidative stress. Aluminium uptake by plants is relatively quick (across the intact plasma membrane in < 30 min and across the tonoplast in < 1 h), despite huge proportion of Al being bound in the cell wall. Aluminium absorption in the animal/human digestive system is low (only about 0.1% of daily Al intake stays in the human body), except when Al is complexed with organic ligands (eg. citrate, tartarate, glutamate). Aluminium accumulates in bones and brain, with Al-citrate and Al-transferrin complexes crossing the blood-brain barrier and accumulating in brain cells. Tea plant and other Al-accumulator plant species contain large amounts of Al in the form of non-toxic organic complexes.

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Rengel, Z. Aluminium cycling in the soil-plant-animal-human continuum. Biometals 17, 669–689 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-004-1201-4

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