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No temperature acclimation of soil extracellular enzymes to experimental warming in an alpine grassland ecosystem on the Tibetan Plateau

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Abstract

Alpine grassland soils store large amounts of soil organic carbon (SOC) and are susceptible to rising air temperature. Soil extracellular enzymes catalyze the rate-limiting step in SOC decomposition and their catalysis, production and degradation rates are regulated by temperature. Therefore, the responses of these enzymes to warming could have a profound impact on carbon cycling in the alpine grassland ecosystems. This study was conducted to measure the responses of soil extracellular enzyme activity and temperature sensitivity (Q10) to experimental warming in samples from an alpine grassland ecosystem on the Tibetan Plateau. A free air-temperature enhancement system was set up in May 2006. We measured soil microbial biomass, nutrient availability and the activity of five extracellular enzymes in 2009 and 2010. The Q10 of each enzyme was calculated using a simple first-order exponential equation. We found that warming had no significant effects on soil microbial biomass C, the labile C or N content, or nutrient availability. Significant differences in the activity of most extracellular enzymes among sampling dates were found, with typically higher enzyme activity during the warm period of the year. The effects of warming on the activity of the five extracellular enzymes at 20 °C were not significant. Enzyme activity in vitro strongly increased with temperature up to 27 °C or over 30 °C (optimum temperature; Topt). Seasonal variations in the Q10 were found, but the effects of warming on Q10 were not significant. We conclude that soil extracellular enzymes adapted to seasonal temperature variations, but did not acclimate to the field experimental warming.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Donovan German, Steven Allison, Matthew Wallenstein, Meg Steinweg and Shawna McMahon for help with lab protocols and advice, Lei Liu for access of microplate reader, Wenjing Chang and Zhengxia Chen for assistance in soil microbial biomass analysis, Xuemei Zhao and Jianjing Ma for assistance with enzyme assays, and Nan Cong and Samraat Pawar for statistical analysis. The authors are grateful to Biao Zhu, Chao Song, Yan Geng, Yue Shi, Iain Bruce and three anonymous referees for valuable and constructive comments that substantially improved this manuscript. This study was supported by the National Program on Key Basic Research Project (Grant No. 2010CB950602), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No. 31025005 and 31021001), and the Program of “One Hundred Talented People” of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KSCX2-YW-Z-0806). HC is supported by the Research Fellowship for International Young Scientists of Chinese Academy of Sciences. SW is partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41230750) and the National Basic Research Program (2010CB833502). We thank USDA Grant to SSI (2010) at Colorado State University that allowed XJ to learn enzyme assays.

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  1. Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Rd, Beijing, 100871, China

    Xin Jing, Yonghui Wang, Hui Zeng & Jin-Sheng He

  2. Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 23 Xinning Rd, Xining, 810008, China

    Zhaorong Mi & Jin-Sheng He

  3. Department of Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Korea

    Haegeun Chung

  4. Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China

    Shiping Wang

  5. Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China

    Hui Zeng

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  1. Xin Jing
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Jing, X., Wang, Y., Chung, H. et al. No temperature acclimation of soil extracellular enzymes to experimental warming in an alpine grassland ecosystem on the Tibetan Plateau. Biogeochemistry 117, 39–54 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-013-9844-2

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