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Chlorine transport in a small catchment in southeast Sweden during two years

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Abstract

Previous studies have revealed that chlorine participates in a complex biogeochemical cycle in soil, which suggests that the transport of chloride through catchments may also be influenced. The present study is based on field observations of organic carbon, chloride (Clin), and chlorinated organic carbon (Clorg) in precipitation, soil, and runoff over a 2-year period from a small, forested catchment in southeast Sweden. The study reveals that (1) the soil pool is dominated by Clorg, (2) the input via wet deposition and output of Clin via runoff is 30 times smaller than the total storage of chlorine (Clin + Clorg) in soil, and (3) the transport is dominated by Clin. The organic matter that entered the outlet of the catchment was more chlorinated in the autumn than during the rest of the year, and rain events taking place in low-flow periods had a greater influence on TOC, Clorg, and Clin than did rain events taking place in high-flow periods. The seasonal pattern in combination with the low-flow versus high-flow pattern and previous findings of increasing chlorine-to-carbon ratios with soil depth suggests that the chlorine-to-carbon ratio variation in the leached organic matter is due that water preferentially comes from deeper layers in low-flow conditions. This study provides well-founded estimates of Clorg and Clin storage and fluxes for the studied catchment; however, the processes underlying the observed seasonal Clorg variations and transportation processes need further study.

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Acknowledgements

Teresia Svensson expresses appreciation for grants from The Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning. We are very grateful to Monica Petersson, Frank Laturnus, and Lena Lundman who provided valuable practical assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Climate Science and Policy Research, The Tema Institute, Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-601 74, Sweden

    Teresia Svensson & Per Sandén

  2. Department of Geology and Geochemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden

    David Bastviken

  3. Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, 428-2202 Main Mall, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, BC, Canada

    Gunilla Öberg

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  1. Teresia Svensson
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  2. Per Sandén
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  3. David Bastviken
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  4. Gunilla Öberg
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Correspondence to Teresia Svensson.

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Svensson, T., Sandén, P., Bastviken, D. et al. Chlorine transport in a small catchment in southeast Sweden during two years. Biogeochemistry 82, 181–199 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-006-9062-2

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