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Forest cover drives leaf litter ant diversity in primary rainforest remnants within human-modified tropical landscapes

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Abstract

The main effects of habitat loss and fragmentation have been addressed through changes in diversity patterns at different spatial levels. Species richness and diversity are the most used descriptors to assess the effect of changes in land use on tropical communities. However, other biological responses such as richness and diversity of trophic guilds may also provide a better understanding about the robustness and resilience of tropical environments to disturbance. In this study, we evaluated how changes in local and landscape characteristics associated to habitat loss and fragmentation affect: (i) species richness and Shannon diversity as well as (ii) trophic guild richness and diversity of leaf litter ants in human-modified tropical rainforest landscapes in Mexico. For this, we sampled ants in 16 sampling sites and recorded a series of descriptors at both local (i.e. elevation, temperature, relative humidity, soil pH, canopy cover, litter volume and vegetation structure) and landscape level (i.e. landscape heterogeneity, forest cover and connectivity). Overall, we observed that increasing primary forest cover within the sampling sites positively influenced richness and diversity of species and trophic guilds. In addition, at the local level, we found that only richness and diversity of ant species were negatively associated with tree density (i.e. number of trees, litter volume and canopy cover). These findings suggest that opportunistic species can be favored in environments with low tree density. In short, our complementary approach highlights the importance of environmental variability and primary forest cover in the maintenance of ant biodiversity in primary rainforest remnants.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank to Praxedis Sinaca Colín and Karla Selene Andalco Cid for their help during the fieldwork of this study. Our appreciation and deep gratitude is given to the staff of the “Los Tuxtlas” Tropical Biology Field Station, for their support and hospitality. We also wish to thank to the owners of the tropical forest fragments for allowing us to carry out this study within their properties. We are very grateful to the staff of the Entomological Collection IEXA, Dora L. Martínez Tlapa, Miguel Ángel García Martínez and Gibran Renoy Pérez Toledo, for the unconditional support and their valuable help identifying the collected specimens. We are thankful to José G. García Franco, Federico Escobar Sarria and Sebastian Sendoya for their comments and suggestions to this manuscript. DAA gratefully acknowledges the award of a graduate studies scholarship from CONACyT (No. 416583). AA and WD received financial contribution by PO-INECOL (20030-11315) and PO-INECOL (20030-11581), respectively. RMF was supported by CNPq (grant 302462/2016-3). MCR was funded by FAPESP (2013/50421-2), PROCAD/CAPES (project # 88881.068425/2014-01) and CNPq UNIVERSAL (425746/2016-0) and receives research grants from the Brazilian Council of Research and Scientific Development (CNPq) (312045/2013-1; 312292/2016-3). Finally, we thank the reviewers, whose constructive suggestions have improved the quality of this research paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico

    Diana A. Ahuatzin, Erick J. Corro & Wesley Dáttilo

  2. Red de Interacciones Multitróficas, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico

    Armando Aguirre Jaimes

  3. Red de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico

    Jorge E. Valenzuela González

  4. Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil

    Rodrigo Machado Feitosa

  5. Spatial Ecology and Conservation Lab (LEEC), Department of Ecology, Bioscience Institute, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil

    Milton Cezar Ribeiro

  6. Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico

    Juan Carlos López Acosta

  7. Estación de Biología Tropical Los Tuxtlas, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, San Andrés Tuxtla, Veracruz, Mexico

    Rosamond Coates

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  1. Diana A. Ahuatzin
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Ahuatzin, D.A., Corro, E.J., Jaimes, A.A. et al. Forest cover drives leaf litter ant diversity in primary rainforest remnants within human-modified tropical landscapes. Biodivers Conserv 28, 1091–1107 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-019-01712-z

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